Free Riding on Gnutella Revisited: The Bell Tolls?

  • Authors:
  • Daniel Hughes;Geoff Coulson;James Walkerdine

  • Affiliations:
  • Lancaster University;Lancaster University;Lancaster University

  • Venue:
  • IEEE Distributed Systems Online
  • Year:
  • 2005

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Abstract

Individuals who use peer-to-peer (P2P) file-sharing networks such as Gnutella face a social dilemma. They must decide whether to contribute to the common good by sharing files or to maximize their personal experience by free riding, downloading files while not contributing any to the network. Individuals gain no personal benefits from uploading files (in fact, it's inconvenient), so it's "rational" for users to free ride. However, significant numbers of free riders degrade the entire system's utility, creating a "tragedy of the digital commons." In this article, a new analysis of free riding on the Gnutella network updates data from 2000 and points to an increasing downgrade in the network's overall performance and the emergence of a "metatragedy" of the commons among Gnutella developers.