Use of elliptic curves in cryptography
Lecture notes in computer sciences; 218 on Advances in cryptology---CRYPTO 85
A fast algorithm for computing multiplicative inverses in GF(2m) using normal bases
Information and Computation
A survey of fast exponentiation methods
Journal of Algorithms
Low-Energy Digit-Serial/Parallel Finite Field Multipliers
Journal of VLSI Signal Processing Systems - Special issue on application specific systems, architectures and processors
Elliptic curves in cryptography
Elliptic curves in cryptography
Montgomery Multiplier and Squarer for a Class of Finite Fields
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Reconfigurable Implementation of Elliptic Curve Crypto Algorithms
IPDPS '02 Proceedings of the 16th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium
Low Complexity Bit-Parallel Finite Field Arithmetic Using Polynomial Basis
CHES '99 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Fast Implementation of Public-Key Cryptography ona DSP TMS320C6201
CHES '99 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Fast Multiplication on Elliptic Curves over GF(2m) without Precomputation
CHES '99 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Dual-Field Arithmetic Unit for GF(p) and GF(2m)
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
A Reconfigurable System on Chip Implementation for Elliptic Curve Cryptography over GF(2n)
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
An End-to-End Systems Approach to Elliptic Curve Cryptography
CHES '02 Revised Papers from the 4th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
A Scalable Dual-Field Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Processor
IEEE Transactions on Computers
ASYNC '00 Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Advanced Research in Asynchronous Circuits and Systems
Efficient Multiplication in GF(pk) for Elliptic Curve Cryptography
ARITH '03 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH-16'03)
A High Performance VLIW Processor for Finite Field Arithmetic
IPDPS '03 Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Parallel and Distributed Processing
Hardware architectures for public key cryptography
Integration, the VLSI Journal
Rapid Prototyping for Hardware Accelerated Elliptic Curve Public-Key Cryptosystems
RSP '01 Proceedings of the 12th International Workshop on Rapid System Prototyping
Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography
Guide to Elliptic Curve Cryptography
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Area Efficient High Speed Elliptic Curve Cryptoprocessor for Random Curves
ITCC '04 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'04) Volume 2 - Volume 2
High Performance FPGA based Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Co-Processor
ITCC '04 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'04) Volume 2 - Volume 2
A Parallel Architecture for Computing Scalar Multiplication on Hessian Elliptic Curves
ITCC '04 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'04) Volume 2 - Volume 2
An FPGA implementation of an elliptic curve processor GF(2m)
Proceedings of the 14th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
A Public-Key Cryptographic Processor for RSA and ECC
ASAP '04 Proceedings of the Application-Specific Systems, Architectures and Processors, 15th IEEE International Conference
Reconfigurable Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems on a Chip
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 3
A Scalable Dual Mode Arithmetic Unit for Public Key Cryptosystems
ITCC '05 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume I - Volume 01
A Parallelized Design for an Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem Coprocessor
ITCC '05 Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing (ITCC'05) - Volume I - Volume 01
Efficient GF(pm) arithmetic architectures for cryptographic applications
CT-RSA'03 Proceedings of the 2003 RSA conference on The cryptographers' track
Efficient FPGA-based karatsuba multipliers for polynomials over F2
SAC'05 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Selected Areas in Cryptography
A microcoded elliptic curve processor using FPGA technology
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
CHES '08 Proceeding sof the 10th international workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Ultra High Performance ECC over NIST Primes on Commercial FPGAs
CHES '08 Proceeding sof the 10th international workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
FPGA implementations of elliptic curve cryptography and Tate pairing over a binary field
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Elliptic Curve Cryptography on FPGA for Low-Power Applications
ACM Transactions on Reconfigurable Technology and Systems (TRETS)
Fast point multiplication on Koblitz curves: Parallelization method and implementations
Microprocessors & Microsystems
On parallelization of high-speed processors for elliptic curve cryptography
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Efficient implementation of elliptic curve cryptography using low-power digital signal processor
ICACT'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Advanced communication technology
A high speed coprocessor for elliptic curve scalar multiplications over Fp
CHES'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
Prime field ECDSA signature processing for reconfigurable embedded systems
International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing - Special issue on selected papers from the international workshop on reconfigurable communication-centric systems on chips (ReCoSoC' 2010)
A reconfigurable implementation of the tate pairing computation over GF(2m)*
ARC'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Reconfigurable Computing: architectures, Tools and Applications
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For the last decade, Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) has gained increasing acceptance in the industry and the academic community and has been the subject of several standards. This interest is mainly due to the high level of security with relatively small keys provided by ECC. To sustain the high throughput required by applications like network servers, high-speed implementations of public-key cryptosystems are needed. For that purpose, hardware-based accelerators are often the only solution reaching an acceptable performance-cost ratio. The fundamental question that arises is how to choose the appropriate efficiency-flexibility tradeoff. In this survey, techniques for implementing Elliptic Curve Cryptography at a high-speed are explored. A classification of the work available in the open literature in function of the level of efficiency and flexibility is also proposed. In particular, the subjects of reconfigurable, dedicated, generator, versatile and general purpose scalar multipliers are addressed. Finally, some words about future work that should be tackled are provided.