A toolset for navigation in virtual environments
UIST '93 Proceedings of the 6th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Navigating large virtual spaces
International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction - Special issue on human-virtual environment interaction
Wayfinding strategies and behaviors in large virtual worlds
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Virtual spaces and real world places: transfer of route knowledge
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Quantifying immersion in virtual reality
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Virtual Environments for Shipboard Firefighting Training
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Navigating in Natural Environments: A Virtual Environment Training Transfer Study
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
The Room Effect: Metric Spatial Knowledge of Local and Separated Regions
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The Transfer of Spatial Knowledge in Virtual Environment Training
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Judging Perceived and Traversed Distance in Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Navigating Large-Scale “Desk-Top” Virtual Buildings: Effects of Orientation Aids and Familiarity
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Navigation System for the Blind: Auditory Display Modes and Guidance
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The effects of maps and textual information on navigation in a desktop virtual environment
Spatial Cognition and Computation
VE-based training strategies for acquiring survey knowledge
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Virtual and augmented reality as spatial ability training tools
CHINZ '06 Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: design centered HCI
TOADS: A Two-Dimensional Open-Ended Architectural Database System
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A tangible user interface for assessing cognitive mapping ability
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
VMR '09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Virtual and Mixed Reality: Held as Part of HCI International 2009
Spatial learning in a virtual multilevel building: Evaluating three exocentric view aids
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Understanding individual differences: learning space in virtual environments
Proceedings of the International Conference on Management of Emergent Digital EcoSystems
Using auditory event-related EEG potentials to assess presence in virtual reality
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
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A relatively simple architectural space was modeled and used to compare the effects of spatial training in simulations versus training in the real world. Thirty-five subjects were trained in one of the following conditions: real world (RW), virtual environment (VE), nonimmersive virtual environment (NVE), and model (Mod). The VE condition made use of a head-mounted display to view the simulated environment, while the NVE condition used a desktop monitor. In the Mod condition, the subject viewed and could manipulate a 3-D model of the space, viewed from a desktop display. The training-transfer tasks, performed after brief unstructured exposure to the actual space or to one of the simulations, consisted of estimating the bearing and range to various targets in the real space from various spatially distributed stations, each such pair of estimates constituting a subtask of the overall transfer task. Results obtained from each of the four training conditions proved to be roughly the same. Training in any one of the simulations was comparable to training in the real world. Independent of training condition, there was a strong tendency among subjects to underestimate range. Variability in range errors was dominated by differences among subjects, whereas variability in bearing errors was dominated by differences among subtasks. These results are discussed in the context of plans for future work.