A rational design process: How and why to fake it
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
CHI '87 Proceedings of the SIGCHI/GI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems and Graphics Interface
The representation of user interface style
Proceedings of the Fourth Conference of the British Computer Society on People and computers IV
Breakdowns and processes during the early activities of software design by professionals
Empirical studies of programmers: second workshop
Why CSCW applications fail: problems in the design and evaluationof organizational interfaces
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Journal of the American Society for Information Science
Design rationale: the argument behind the artifact
CHI '89 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Guided tours and on-line presentations: how authors make existing hypertext intelligible for readers
HYPERTEXT '89 Proceedings of the second annual ACM conference on Hypertext
User-tailorable systems: pressing the issues with buttons
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Testing a walkthrough methodology for theory-based design of walk-up-and-use interfaces
CHI '90 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SIBYL: A qualitative decision management system
Artificial intelligence at MIT expanding frontiers
Triggers and barriers to customizing software
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Reaching through analogy: a Design Rationale perspective on roles of analogy
CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
Styles in Document Editing Systems
Computer
What rationale is there in design?
INTERACT '90 Proceedings of the IFIP TC13 Third Interational Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
Design practice and interface usability: Evidence from interviews with designers
CHI '83 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A formal approach to the evaluation of interactive systems
ACM SIGCHI Bulletin
Experience with SCRAM, a SCenario Requirements Analysis Method
ICRE '98 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Requirements Engineering: Putting Requirements Engineering to Practice
A Tool for Managing Software Development Knowledge
PROFES '01 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Product Focused Software Process Improvement
Capturing Geometry Rationale for Collaborative Design
WET-ICE '97 Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Enabling Technologies on Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
Core services for coordination in concurrent engineering
WET-ICE '95 Proceedings of the 4th Workshop on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET-ICE'95)
Project coordination in design processes
WET-ICE '96 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE'96)
Group Support for Distributed Collaborative Concurrent Software Modeling
Proceedings of the 19th IEEE international conference on Automated software engineering
Disrupting digital library development with scenario informed design
Interacting with Computers
Worlds and transformations: Supporting the sharing and reuse of engineering design knowledge
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Reality-based interaction: a framework for post-WIMP interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Hypermedia Discourse: Contesting Networks of Ideas and Arguments
ICCS '07 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Conceptual Structures: Knowledge Architectures for Smart Applications
Flexible Analysis of User Actions in Heterogeneous Distributed Learning Environments
EC-TEL '08 Proceedings of the 3rd European conference on Technology Enhanced Learning: Times of Convergence: Technologies Across Learning Contexts
Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology
How to evaluate reading and interpretation of differently structured engineering design rationales
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Computer-Aided Design
Classification of tasks using machine learning
PROMISE '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Predictor Models in Software Engineering
Capturing software-engineering tacit knowledge
ECC'08 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on European computing conference
I-Ex: Intelligent Extreme Expedition Support
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Rob Milne: A Tribute to a Pioneering AI Scientist, Entrepreneur and Mountaineer
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Leading the Web in Concurrent Engineering: Next Generation Concurrent Engineering
Virtual Center for the Elderly: Lessons Learned
IWANN '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: Part II: Distributed Computing, Artificial Intelligence, Bioinformatics, Soft Computing, and Ambient Assisted Living
Editorial: Design decisions and design rationale in software architecture
Journal of Systems and Software
Visualization and comparison of architecture rationale with semantic web technologies
Journal of Systems and Software
Empirical evaluation of issue based variability modeling using the experimental survey technique
SEA '07 Proceedings of the 11th IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering and Applications
A design rationale representation model using patent documents
Proceedings of the 2nd international workshop on Patent information retrieval
TAMODIA'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Task models and diagrams for users interface design
The REMIS approach for rationale-driven process model evolution
ICSP'07 Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on Software process
Reusable architectural decision models for enterprise application development
QoSA'07 Proceedings of the Quality of software architectures 3rd international conference on Software architectures, components, and applications
Informal software design knowledge reuse
Proceedings of the 32nd ACM/IEEE International Conference on Software Engineering - Volume 2
Proceedings of the 2010 ICSE Workshop on Sharing and Reusing Architectural Knowledge
A model for variability design rationale in SPL
Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Software Architecture: Companion Volume
Investigating the relationship between imagery and rationale in design
Proceedings of the 8th ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems
DREAMER: a design rationale environment for argumentation, modeling and engineering requirements
Proceedings of the 28th ACM International Conference on Design of Communication
Towards the design and evaluation of ROILA: a speech recognition friendly artificial language
IceTAL'10 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in natural language processing
Information and Software Technology
QUIMERA: a quality metamodel to improve design rationale
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Quantitative evaluation method of criticism in value creating conversation
KES'11 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Knowledge-based and intelligent information and engineering systems - Volume Part II
Creating shared design thinking process for collaborative design
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Procedings of the Second Conference on Creativity and Innovation in Design
Modeling rationale over time to support product line evolution planning
Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Variability Modeling of Software-Intensive Systems
Conceptual graphs for semantic web applications
ICCS'05 Proceedings of the 13th international conference on Conceptual Structures: common Semantics for Sharing Knowledge
A documentation framework for architecture decisions
Journal of Systems and Software
Kuaba ontology: design rationale representation and reuse in model-based designs
ER'05 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Conceptual Modeling
Interoperability for GIS document management in environmental planning
Journal on Data Semantics III
Process evolution supported by rationale: an empirical investigation of process changes
SPW/ProSim'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Software Process Simulation and Modeling
Keeping decisions and rationale explicit in business process analysis
Proceedings of the 27th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
Issue-based variability management
Information and Software Technology
Proceedings of the 16th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 2
Collaboration and source code driven bottom-up product line engineering
Proceedings of the 16th International Software Product Line Conference - Volume 2
Users need your models!: exploiting design models for explanations
BCS-HCI '12 Proceedings of the 26th Annual BCS Interaction Specialist Group Conference on People and Computers
Connecting the rationale for changes to the evolution of a process
PROFES'07 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement
Model-driven planning and monitoring of long-term software product line evolution
Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-intensive Systems
A semantic representation model for design rationale of products
Advanced Engineering Informatics
A constructive approach for design space exploration
Proceedings of the 5th ACM SIGCHI symposium on Engineering interactive computing systems
Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing
The effects of a shared free form rationale space in collaborative learning activities
Journal of Systems and Software
A mixed-method approach for the empirical evaluation of the issue-based variability modeling
Journal of Systems and Software
The Effects of Rationale Awareness on Individual Reflection Processes in Virtual Group Activities
International Journal of e-Collaboration
Mapping study about usability requirements elicitation
CAiSE'13 Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering
ECSA'13 Proceedings of the 7th European conference on Software Architecture
A flexible unified architecture to support heterogeneous multi-device learning environments
International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation
On the interdependence and integration of variability and architectural decisions
Proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop on Variability Modelling of Software-Intensive Systems
Towards a pattern language for self-adaptation of cloud-based architectures
Proceedings of the WICSA 2014 Companion Volume
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Design Space Analysis is an approach to representing design rationale. It uses a semiformal notation, called QOC (Questions, Options, and Criteria), to represent the design space around an artifact. The main constituents of QOC are Questions identifying key design issues, Options providing possible answers to the Questions, and Criteria for assessing and comparing the Options. Design Space Analysis also takes account of justifications for the design (and possible alternative designs) that reflect considerations such as consistency, models and analogies, and relevant data and theory. A Design Space Analysis does not produce a record of the design process but is instead a coproduct of design and has to be constructed alongside the artifact itself. Our work is motivated by the notion that a Design Space Analysis will repay the investment in its creation by supporting both the original process of design and subsequent work on redesign and reuse by (a) providing an explicit representation to aid reasoning about the design and about the consequences of changes to it and (b) serving as a vehicle for communication, for example, among members of the design team or among the original designers and later maintainers of a system. Our work to date emphasises the nature of the QOC representation over processes for creating it, so these claims serve as goals rather than objectives we have achieved. This article describes the elements of Design Space Analysis and illustrates them by reference to analyses of existing designs and to studies of the concepts and arguments used by designers during design discussions.