PathFinder: a negotiation-based performance-driven router for FPGAs
FPGA '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM third international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Improved global routing through congestion estimation
Proceedings of the 40th annual Design Automation Conference
FLUTE: fast lookup table based wirelength estimation technique
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
BoxRouter: a new global router based on box expansion and progressive ILP
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
FastRoute: a step to integrate global routing into placement
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
FastRoute 2.0: A High-quality and Efficient Global Router
ASP-DAC '07 Proceedings of the 2007 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Archer: a history-driven global routing algorithm
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
High-performance routing at the nanometer scale
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
BoxRouter 2.0: architecture and implementation of a hybrid and robust global router
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
MaizeRouter: engineering an effective global router
Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
A new global router for modern designs
Proceedings of the 2008 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Pattern routing: use and theory for increasing predictability and avoiding coupling
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Robust layer assignment for via optimization in multi-layer global routing
Proceedings of the 2009 international symposium on Physical design
GRIP: scalable 3D global routing using integer programming
Proceedings of the 46th Annual Design Automation Conference
A multilevel congestion-based global router
VLSI Design
Multilayer global routing with via and wire capacity considerations
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Multi-threaded collision-aware global routing with bounded-length maze routing
Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference
NTHU-route 2.0: a robust global router for modern designs
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
The ISPD-2011 routability-driven placement contest and benchmark suite
Proceedings of the 2011 international symposium on Physical design
An auction based pre-processing technique to determine detour in global routing
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
GLADE: a modern global router considering layer directives
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
GDRouter: interleaved global routing and detailed routing for ultimate routability
Proceedings of the 49th Annual Design Automation Conference
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As an easily implemented approach, ripup and reroute has been employed by most of today's global routers, which iteratively applies maze routing to refine solution quality. But traditional maze routing is susceptible to get stuck at local optimal results. In this work, we will present a fast and high quality global router FastRoute3.0, with the new technique named virtual capacity. Virtual capacity is proposed to guide the global router at maze routing stage to achieve higher quality results in terms of overflow and runtime. During maze routing stage, virtual capacity works as a substitute for the real edge capacity in calculating the maze routing cost. There are two sub techniques included: (1) virtual capacity initialization, (2) virtual capacity update. Before the maze routing stage, FastRoute3.0 initializes the virtual capacity by subtracting the predicted overflow generated by adaptive congestion estimation (ACE) from the real edge capacity. And in the following maze routing iterations, we further reduce the virtual capacity by the amount of existing overflow (edge usage minus real edge capacity) for the edges that are still congested. To avoid excessive "pushing-away" of routing wires, the virtual capacity is increased by a fixed percentage of the existing overflow if edge usage is smaller than real edge capacity. Experimental results show that FastRoute3.0 is highly proficient dealing with ISPD98, ISPD07 and ISPD08 benchmark suites. The results outperform published ripup and reroute based academic global routers in both routability and runtime. In particular, (1) FastRoute3.0 completes routing all the ISPD98 benchmarks. (2) For ISPD07 and ISPD08 global routing contest benchmarks, it generates 12 out of 16 congestion free solutions. (3) The total runtime is enhanced greatly.