Collaboration in performance of physical tasks: effects on outcomes and communication
CSCW '96 Proceedings of the 1996 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive three-dimensional holographic displays: seeing the future in depth
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
Personal space in a virtual community
CHI 98 Cconference Summary on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Shared Space: Collaborative Information Spaces
HCI International '97 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction-Volume 1 - Volume I
Communication Behaviors of Co-Located Users in Collaborative AR Interfaces
ISMAR '02 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Computer
Interactive Perspective Cut-away Views for General 3D Scenes
3DUI '06 Proceedings of the 3D User Interfaces
Usability of Multiviewpoint Images for Spatial Interaction in Projection-Based Display Systems
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Personal space in virtual reality
ACM Transactions on Applied Perception (TAP)
Understanding the design space of referencing in collaborative augmented reality environments
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Rendering for an interactive 360° light field display
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Collaborative interaction with volumetric displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The cost of supporting references in collaborative augmented reality
GI '08 Proceedings of graphics interface 2008
Adaptive cutaways for comprehensible rendering of polygonal scenes
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Spatial Social Behavior in Second Life
IVA '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
A Taxonomy of 3D Occlusion Management for Visualization
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Virtual vs. Real-World Pointing in Two-User Scenarios
VR '09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference
Employing dynamic transparency for 3D occlusion management: design issues and evaluation
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Immersive virtual studio for architectural exploration
3DUI '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
Photoportals: shared references in space and time
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
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Multi-user virtual reality systems enable natural collaboration in shared virtual worlds. Users can talk to each other, gesture and point into the virtual scenery as if it were real. As in reality, referring to objects by pointing results often in a situation whereon objects are occluded from the other users' viewpoints. While in reality this problem can only be solved by adapting the viewing position, specialized individual views of the shared virtual scene enable various other solutions. As one such solution we propose show-through techniques to make sure that the objects one is pointing to can always be seen by others. We first study the impact of such augmented viewing techniques on the spatial understanding of the scene, the rapidity of mutual information exchange as well as the proxemic behavior of users. To this end we conducted a user study in a co-located stereoscopic multi-user setup. Our study revealed advantages for show-through techniques in terms of comfort, user acceptance and compliance to social protocols while spatial understanding and mutual information exchange is retained. Motivated by these results we further analyze whether show-through techniques may also be beneficial in distributed virtual environments. We investigated a distributed setup for two users, each participant having its own display screen and a minimalist avatar representation for each participant. In such a configuration there is a lack of mutual awareness, which hinders the understanding of each other's pointing gestures and decreases the relevance of social protocols in terms of proxemic behavior. Nevertheless, we found that show-through techniques can improve collaborative interaction tasks even in such situations.