IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low power electronics and design
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization
Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Language and compiler design for streaming applications
International Journal of Parallel Programming - Special issue: The next generation software program
ACSD '06 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design
Throughput Analysis of Synchronous Data Flow Graphs
ACSD '06 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design
Multiprocessor resource allocation for throughput-constrained synchronous dataflow graphs
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
Variation-aware task allocation and scheduling for MPSoC
Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
The worst-case execution-time problem—overview of methods and survey of tools
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
CoMPSoC: A template for composable and predictable multi-processor system on chips
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Timing variation-aware task scheduling and binding for MPSoC
Proceedings of the 2009 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Variability aware modeling of SoCs: From device variations to manufactured system yield
ISQED '09 Proceedings of the 2009 10th International Symposium on Quality of Electronic Design
Throughput Constraint for Synchronous Data Flow Graphs
CPAIOR '09 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Integration of AI and OR Techniques in Constraint Programming for Combinatorial Optimization Problems
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Performance yield-driven task allocation and scheduling for MPSoCs under process variation
Proceedings of the 47th Design Automation Conference
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
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As technology scales, the impact of process variation on the maximum supported frequency (FMAX) of individual cores in a multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC) becomes more pronounced. Task allocation without variation-aware performance analysis can greatly compromise performance and lead to a significant loss in yield, defined as the percentage of manufactured chips satisfying the application timing requirement. We propose variation-aware task allocation for best-effort and real-time streaming applications modeled as task graphs. Our solutions are primarily based on the throughput requirement, which is the most important timing requirement in many real-time streaming applications. The four main contributions of this work are (1) distinguishing best-effort firm real-time and soft real-time application classes, which require different optimization criteria, (2) using dataflow graphs, which are well suited for modeling and analysis of streaming applications, we explicitly model task execution both in terms of clock cycles (which is independent of variation) and seconds (which does depend on the variation of the resource), which we connect by an explicit binding, (3) we present two optimization approaches, which give different improvement results at different costs, (4) we present both exhaustive and heuristic algorithms that implement the optimization approaches. Our variation-aware mapping algorithms are tested on models of seven real applications and are compared to mapping methods that are unaware of hardware variation. Our results demonstrate (1) improvements in the average performance (3% on average) for best-effort applications, and (2) for firm real-time and soft real-time applications, yield improvements of up to 27% with an average of 15%, showing the effectiveness of our approaches.