Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C: the art of scientific computing
A real-time optical 3D tracker for head-mounted display systems
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
A demonstrated optical tracker with scalable work area for head-mounted display systems
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Autocalibration for virtual environments tracking hardware
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A frequency-domain analysis of head-motion prediction
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Predictive tracking for augmented reality
Predictive tracking for augmented reality
SCAAT: incremental tracking with incomplete information
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SCAAT: incremental tracking with incomplete information
SCAAT: incremental tracking with incomplete information
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Walking walking-in-place flying, in virtual environments
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Recursive Estimation of Motion, Structure, and Focal Length
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Noise Model and Performance Analysis Of Outward-looking Optical Trackers Using Lateral Effect Photo Diodes
An Inertial/Optical Hybrid Three-Dimensional Tracking System
An Inertial/Optical Hybrid Three-Dimensional Tracking System
An Introduction to the Kalman Filter
An Introduction to the Kalman Filter
Space Resection by Collinearity: Mathematics Behind the Optical Ceiling Head-Tracker
Space Resection by Collinearity: Mathematics Behind the Optical Ceiling Head-Tracker
Online model reconstruction for interactive virtual environments
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Toward a compelling sensation of telepresence: demonstrating a portal to a distant (static) office
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
The cricket compass for context-aware mobile applications
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
An immersive, multi-user, musical stage environment
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Collaboration in tele-immersive environments
EGVE '02 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2002
Immersive VR for Scientific Visualization: A Progress Report
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The Metaverse: a networked collection of inexpensive, self-configuring, immersive environments
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
A Wireless, Inexpensive Optical Tracker for the CAVE(tm)
VR '00 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2000 Conference
Self-configuring localization systems: Design and Experimental Evaluation
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Sensor Fusion and Occlusion Refinement for Tablet-Based AR
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
A general method for comparing the expected performance of tracking and motion capture systems
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Broadband Ultrasonic Location Systems for Improved Indoor Positioning
IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
High-Performance Wide-Area Optical Tracking: The HiBall Tracking System
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
IPSN '08 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Information processing in sensor networks
Predicting Missing Markers to Drive Real-Time Centre of Rotation Estimation
AMDO '08 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects
Bokode: imperceptible visual tags for camera based interaction from a distance
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
LoCA '09 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Location and Context Awareness
Super-feet: a wireless hand-free navigation system for virtual environments
ICVR'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual reality
Lessons about virtual environment software systems from 20 years of ve building
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Efficient marker matching using pair-wise constraints in physical therapy
ISVC'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
Ego-motion analysis using average image data intensity
Proceedings of the 2nd Augmented Human International Conference
Motion capture from body-mounted cameras
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
Passive identification and control of arbitrary devices in smart environments
HCII'11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Human-computer interaction: towards mobile and intelligent interaction environments - Volume Part III
IrCube tracker: an optical 6-DOF tracker based on LED directivity
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Position tracking using infra-red signals for museum guiding system
UCS'04 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Ubiquitous Computing Systems
VAST'03 Proceedings of the 4th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
How natural is a natural interface? An evaluation procedure based on action breakdowns
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Lumitrack: low cost, high precision, high speed tracking with projected m-sequences
Proceedings of the 26th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Usability benchmarks for motion tracking systems
Proceedings of the 19th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
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Our HiBall Tracking System generates over 2000 head-pose estimates per second with less than one millisecond of latency, and less than 0.5 millimeters and 0.02 degrees of position and orientation noise, everywhere in a 4.5 by 8.5 meter room. The system is remarkably responsive and robust, enabling VR applications and experiments that previously would have been difficult or even impossible.Previously we published descriptions of only the Kalman filter-based software approach that we call Single-Constraint-at-a-Time tracking. In this paper we describe the complete tracking system, including the novel optical, mechanical, electrical, and algorithmic aspects that enable the unparalleled performance.