Pixel-planes 5: a heterogeneous multiprocessor graphics system using processor-enhanced memories
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Project GROPEHaptic displays for scientific visualization
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The decoupled simulation model for virtual reality systems
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Implementation of flying, scaling and grabbing in virtual worlds
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
The nanomanipulator: a virtual-reality interface for a scanning tunneling microscope
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Surround-screen projection-based virtual reality: the design and implementation of the CAVE
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Improving static and dynamic registration in an optical see-through HMD
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Taking steps: the influence of a walking technique on presence in virtual reality
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on virtual reality software and technology
Adding force feedback to graphics systems: issues and solutions
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Moving objects in space: exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction
Exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction
MMR: an interactive massive model rendering system using geometric and image-based acceleration
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Walking walking-in-place flying, in virtual environments
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A multi-threaded streaming pipeline architecture for large structured data sets
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
The HiBall Tracker: high-performance wide-area tracking for virtual and augmented environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
VRPN: a device-independent, network-transparent VR peripheral system
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Physiological measures of presence in stressful virtual environments
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design
Understanding Virtual Reality: Interface, Application, and Design
Towards virtual reality for the masses: 10 years of research at Disney's VR studio
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Making virtual environments compelling
Communications of the ACM - A game experience in every application
VR Juggler: A Virtual Platform for Virtual Reality Application Development
VR '01 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality 2001 Conference (VR'01)
Intermediate representation for stiff virtual objects
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Adding Force Display to a Stereoscopic Head-Tracked Projection Display
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
Requirements and Availability of Application Programmer''s Interfaces for Virtual-Reality Systems
Requirements and Availability of Application Programmer''s Interfaces for Virtual-Reality Systems
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
SRDS '04 Proceedings of the 23rd IEEE International Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems
GI '05 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2005
Redirected walking
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Evaluation of Reorientation Techniques and Distractors for Walking in Large Virtual Environments
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
LLCM-WIP: Low-Latency, Continuous-Motion Walking-in-Place
3DUI '08 Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces
FluoroSim: a visual problem-solving environment for fluorescence microscopy
EG VCBM'08 Proceedings of the First Eurographics conference on Visual Computing for Biomedicine
VINS: shared memory space for definition of interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
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What are desirable and undesirable features of virtual environment (VE) software architectures? What should be present (and absent) from such systems if they are to be optimally useful? How should they be structured? In order to help answer these questions, we present experience from application designers, toolkit designers, and VE system architects along with examples of useful features from existing systems. Topics are organized under the major headings of 3D space management, supporting display hardware, interaction, event management, time management, computation, portability, and the observation that less can be better. Lessons learned are presented as discussion of the issues, field experiences, nuggets of knowledge, and case studies.