Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Design patterns: elements of reusable object-oriented software
Managing mutual awareness in collaborative virtual environments
VRST '94 Proceedings of the conference on Virtual reality software and technology
Virtual reality on a WIM: interactive worlds in miniature
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Awareness through fisheye views in relaxed-WYSIWIS groupware
GI '96 Proceedings of the conference on Graphics interface '96
Proceedings of the 1997 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Crowded collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Networked virtual environments: design and implementation
Networked virtual environments: design and implementation
Formations: explicit group support in collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Object-focused interaction in collaborative virtual environments
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI) - Special issue on human-computer interaction and collaborative virtual environments
Requirements by collaboration: workshops for defining needs
Requirements by collaboration: workshops for defining needs
A study of collaboration using jigsaw puzzles
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Locales: Supporting Large Multiuser Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Leadership and Collaboration in Shared Virtual Environments
VR '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality
A Combined Immersive and Desktop Authoring Tool for Virtual Environments
VR '02 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality Conference 2002
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Multi-perspective collaborative design in persistent networked virtual environments
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
CALVIN: an immersimedia design environment utilizing heterogeneous perspectives
ICMCS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems
DS-RT '03 Proceedings of the Seventh IEEE International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real-Time Applications
Increasing the Effective Egocentric Field of View with Proprioceptive and Tactile Feedback
VR '04 Proceedings of the IEEE Virtual Reality 2004
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Advances in collaborative virtual environments
Introducing third party objects into the spatial model of interaction
ECSCW'97 Proceedings of the fifth conference on European Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work
Supporting Rich And Dynamic Communication In Large-Scale Collaborative Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
The Simple Virtual Environment Library: An Extensible Framework for Building VE Applications
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
GROUP '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international ACM SIGGROUP conference on Supporting group work
Exploring Multimodal Interaction in Collaborative Settings
Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction. Part II: Novel Interaction Methods and Techniques
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Virtual reality technology is increasingly being applied to globally distributed teams engaged in collaborative product design. Observations of product design teams have suggested four distinct patterns of collaboration complementary, competitive, peer-to-peer, and leader-follower. Another insight from observation is that collaboration consists of fluid transitions between these patterns in the accomplishment of the design task, driven by a flexible process of subgrouping and regrouping which reflects the structure and progress of the task. Yet most collaborative virtual environment systems support only one pattern of collaboration--peer-to-peer--and those that do explicitly support multiple patterns or roles do not allow fluid transitions between them in the context of the same task. In addition, no explicit support is provided to allow subgroups to be formed and dissolved. A collaborative virtual environment that supports multiple collaboration patterns and fluid transitions was developed using the Shared Simple Virtual Environment (SSVE) application framework. A novel user interface widget, the collaboration tree, was created to drive the subgrouping and regrouping process. Group experiments were performed to test the operating hypothesis that support for group collaboration patterns led to higher performance. The result was that the operating hypothesis was confirmed; however, the conceptual approach to problem solving, suggested by the presence of support for collaboration patterns, may have been more significant than the actual mechanism provided.