The virtual reality primer
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Cognitive modeling: knowledge, reasoning and planning for intelligent characters
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Requirements elicitation for virtual actors in collaborative learning environments
Computers & Education - VIRTUALITY IN EDUCATION selected contributions from the CAL 99 symposium
Embodied agents for multi-party dialogue in immersive virtual worlds
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 2
A virtual patient based on qualitative simulation
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Lessons learned in modeling schizophrenic and depressed responsive virtual humans for training
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Guiding visitors of Web3D worlds through automatically generated tours
Web3D '03 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on 3D Web technology
3D virtual clothing: from garment design to web3d visualization and simulation
Web3D '03 Proceedings of the eighth international conference on 3D Web technology
Hierarchical Automata as Model for Statecharts
ASIAN '97 Proceedings of the Third Asian Computing Science Conference on Advances in Computing Science
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
AHA! The adaptive hypermedia architecture
Proceedings of the fourteenth ACM conference on Hypertext and hypermedia
Integrating expanding annotations with a 3D explosion probe
Proceedings of the working conference on Advanced visual interfaces
Web3D '05 Proceedings of the tenth international conference on 3D Web technology
Reusable, lifelike virtual humans for mentoring and role-playing
Computers & Education
Design and Implementation of Game-Based Learning Environment for Scientific Inquiry
Edutainment '08 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Technologies for E-Learning and Digital Entertainment
A stroll with Carletto: adaptation in drama-based tours with virtual characters
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Dramasearch character-mediated search in cultural heritage
HSI'09 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Human System Interactions
International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning
Adaptive Web3D virtual learning environment using interest management
WBE '08 Proceedings of the Seventh IASTED International Conference on Web-based Education
A review of using virtual reality for learning
Transactions on edutainment I
Computers in Human Behavior
An integrated design framework for mass customisation in the consumer electronics industry
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Design and implementation of virtual museum based on web3d
Transactions on Edutainment III
Leveraging Web 3D guidance in cultural heritage fruition
Proceedings of the Biannual Conference of the Italian Chapter of SIGCHI
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Web-based education and training provides a new paradigm for imparting knowledge; students can access the learning material anytime by operating remotely from any location. Web3D open standards, such as X3D and VRML, support Web-based delivery of Educational Virtual Environments (EVEs). EVEs have a great potential for learning and training purposes, by allowing one to circumvent physical, safety, and cost constraints. Unfortunately, EVEs often leave to the user the onus of taking the initiative both in exploring the environment and interacting with its parts. A possible solution to this problem is the exploitation of virtual humans acting as informal coaches or more formal instructors. For example, virtual humans can be employed to show and explain maintenance procedures, allowing learners to receive more practical explanations which are easier to understand. However, virtual humans are rarely used in Web3D EVEs, since the programming effort to develop and re-use them in different environments can be considerable. In this paper, we present a general architecture that allows content creators to easily integrate virtual humans into Web3D EVEs. To test the generality of our solution, we present two practical examples showing how the proposed architecture has been used in different educational contexts.