IEEE Spectrum
Tamper Resistance Mechanisms for Secure, Embedded Systems
VLSID '04 Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on VLSI Design
Secure Scan Techniques: A Comparison
IOLTS '06 Proceedings of the 12th IEEE International Symposium on On-Line Testing
Trojan Detection using IC Fingerprinting
SP '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
VTS '07 Proceedings of the 25th IEEE VLSI Test Symmposium
Physical unclonable functions for device authentication and secret key generation
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
A digital design flow for secure integrated circuits
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Power supply signal calibration techniques for improving detection resolution to hardware Trojans
Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
MERO: A Statistical Approach for Hardware Trojan Detection
CHES '09 Proceedings of the 11th International Workshop on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Consistency-based characterization for IC Trojan detection
Proceedings of the 2009 International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
A Trojan-resistant system-on-chip bus architecture
MILCOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Military communications
Self-referencing: a scalable side-channel approach for hardware Trojan detection
CHES'10 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Cryptographic hardware and embedded systems
Detecting Trojans through leakage current analysis using multiple supply pad IDDQS
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Scalable segmentation-based malicious circuitry detection and diagnosis
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Hardware trojans for inducing or amplifying side-channel leakage of cryptographic software
INTRUST'10 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Trusted Systems
Wireless security techniques for coordinated manufacturing and on-line hardware trojan detection
Proceedings of the fifth ACM conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks
Breakthrough silicon scanning discovers backdoor in military chip
CHES'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Cryptographic Hardware and Embedded Systems
Experimental analysis of a ring oscillator network for hardware trojan detection in a 90nm ASIC
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Provably complete hardware trojan detection using test point insertion
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
High-sensitivity hardware trojan detection using multimodal characterization
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Scalable hardware trojan diagnosis
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Detection of trojans using a combined ring oscillator network and off-chip transient power analysis
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)
Post-deployment trust evaluation in wireless cryptographic ICs
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
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There have been serious concerns recently about the security of microchips from hardware trojan horse insertion during manufacturing. This issue has been raised recently due to outsourcing of the chip manufacturing processes to reduce cost. This is an important consideration especially in critical applications such as avionics, communications, military, industrial and so on. A trojan is inserted into a main circuit at manufacturing and is mostly inactive unless it is triggered by a rare value or time event; then it produces a payload error in the circuit, potentially catastrophic. Because of its nature, a trojan may not be easily detected by functional or ATPG testing. The problem of trojan detection has been addressed only recently in very few works. Our work analyzes and formulates the trojan detection problem based on a frequency analysis under rare trigger values and provides procedures to generate input trigger vectors and trojan test vectors to detect trojan effects. We also provide experimental results.