Phrase-Based Statistical Machine Translation
KI '02 Proceedings of the 25th Annual German Conference on AI: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
A systematic comparison of various statistical alignment models
Computational Linguistics
Speech technology on trial: Experiences from the August system
Natural Language Engineering
Automatic Sign Language Analysis: A Survey and the Future beyond Lexical Meaning
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A corpus-centered approach to spoken language translation
EACL '03 Proceedings of the tenth conference on European chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics - Volume 2
Discriminative training and maximum entropy models for statistical machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
BLEU: a method for automatic evaluation of machine translation
ACL '02 Proceedings of the 40th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Statistical phrase-based translation
NAACL '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics on Human Language Technology - Volume 1
Improved statistical alignment models
ACL '00 Proceedings of the 38th Annual Meeting on Association for Computational Linguistics
Machine Translation with Inferred Stochastic Finite-State Transducers
Computational Linguistics
Automatic Translation System to Spanish Sign Language with a Virtual Interpreter
INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I
Speeding up the design of dialogue applications by using database contents and structure information
SIGDIAL '09 Proceedings of the SIGDIAL 2009 Conference: The 10th Annual Meeting of the Special Interest Group on Discourse and Dialogue
Spoken Spanish generation from sign language
Interacting with Computers
Integration of a spanish-to-LSE machine translation system into an E-learning platform
UAHCI'11 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services - Volume Part IV
Automatic categorization for improving Spanish into Spanish Sign Language machine translation
Computer Speech and Language
Synthesizing mood-affected signed messages: Modifications to the parametric synthesis
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Source language categorization for improving a speech into sign language translation system
SLPAT '11 Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Speech and Language Processing for Assistive Technologies
Spanish Sign Language synthesis system
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Increasing adaptability of a speech into sign language translation system
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Evaluating facial expressions in american sign language animations for accessible online information
UAHCI'13 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction: design methods, tools, and interaction techniques for eInclusion - Volume Part I
Methodology for developing an advanced communications system for the Deaf in a new domain
Knowledge-Based Systems
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This paper describes the development of and the first experiments in a Spanish to sign language translation system in a real domain. The developed system focuses on the sentences spoken by an official when assisting people applying for, or renewing their Identity Card. The system translates official explanations into Spanish Sign Language (LSE: Lengua de Signos Espanola) for Deaf people. The translation system is made up of a speech recognizer (for decoding the spoken utterance into a word sequence), a natural language translator (for converting a word sequence into a sequence of signs belonging to the sign language), and a 3D avatar animation module (for playing back the hand movements). Two proposals for natural language translation have been evaluated: a rule-based translation module (that computes sign confidence measures from the word confidence measures obtained in the speech recognition module) and a statistical translation module (in this case, parallel corpora were used for training the statistical model). The best configuration reported 31.6% SER (Sign Error Rate) and 0.5780 BLEU (BiLingual Evaluation Understudy). The paper also describes the eSIGN 3D avatar animation module (considering the sign confidence), and the limitations found when implementing a strategy for reducing the delay between the spoken utterance and the sign sequence animation.