Fast algorithms for finding randomized strategies in game trees
STOC '94 Proceedings of the twenty-sixth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Representations and solutions for game-theoretic problems
Artificial Intelligence - Special issue on economic principles of multi-agent systems
Artificial Intelligence - Chips challenging champions: games, computers and Artificial Intelligence
Lock-Gain Based Graph Partitioning
Journal of Heuristics
Computing sequential equilibria for two-player games
SODA '06 Proceedings of the seventeenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithm
Finding equilibria in large sequential games of imperfect information
EC '06 Proceedings of the 7th ACM conference on Electronic commerce
Machine Learning
Universal parameter optimisation in games based on SPSA
Machine Learning
Accident or intention: that is the question (in the Noisy Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma)
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
A Texas Hold'em poker player based on automated abstraction and real-time equilibrium computation
AAMAS '06 Proceedings of the fifth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Construction of poker playing system considering strategies
Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Game research and development
If multi-agent learning is the answer, what is the question?
Artificial Intelligence
Agendas for multi-agent learning
Artificial Intelligence
Lossless abstraction of imperfect information games
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
A near-optimal strategy for a heads-up no-limit Texas Hold'em poker tournament
Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Fast algorithms for finding proper strategies in game trees
Proceedings of the nineteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Strategy evaluation in extensive games with importance sampling
Proceedings of the 25th international conference on Machine learning
Synthesis of strategies from interaction traces
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2
Computing an approximate jam/fold equilibrium for 3-player no-limit Texas Hold'em tournaments
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 2
Pattern Classification in No-Limit Poker: A Head-Start Evolutionary Approach
CAI '07 Proceedings of the 20th conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Simplest Scenario for Mutual Nested Modeling in Human-Machine-Interaction
KI '08 Proceedings of the 31st annual German conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Caveat mercator in electronic commerce: An update
Decision Support Systems
An Experimental Approach to Online Opponent Modeling in Texas Hold'em Poker
SBIA '08 Proceedings of the 19th Brazilian Symposium on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Using Stereotypes to Improve Early-Match Poker Play
AI '08 Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
CASPER: A Case-Based Poker-Bot
AI '08 Proceedings of the 21st Australasian Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Effective short-term opponent exploitation in simplified poker
Machine Learning
Abstraction pathologies in extensive games
Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
A Heuristic-Based Approach for a Betting Strategy in Texas Hold'em Poker
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Tenth Scandinavian Conference on Artificial Intelligence: SCAI 2008
Multi-Agent-System for General Strategic Interaction
KES-AMSTA '09 Proceedings of the Third KES International Symposium on Agent and Multi-Agent Systems: Technologies and Applications
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Overconfidence or paranoia? search in imperfect-information games
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Maintaining cooperation in noisy environments
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Optimal unbiased estimators for evaluating agent performance
AAAI'06 Proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Effective short-term opponent exploitation in simplified poker
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Optimal Rhode Island Hold'em poker
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 4
AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Particle filtering for dynamic agent modelling in simplified poker
AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
A new algorithm for generating equilibria in massive zero-sum games
AAAI'07 Proceedings of the 22nd national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Game-tree search with combinatorially large belief states
IJCAI'05 Proceedings of the 19th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence
A Memory-Based Approach to Two-Player Texas Hold'em
AI '09 Proceedings of the 22nd Australasian Joint Conference on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Monte Carlo search applied to card selection in magic: the gathering
CIG'09 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computational Intelligence and Games
Computing proper equilibria of zero-sum games
CG'06 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computers and games
Gradient-based algorithms for finding Nash equilibria in extensive form games
WINE'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Internet and network economics
Smoothing Techniques for Computing Nash Equilibria of Sequential Games
Mathematics of Operations Research
Using counterfactual regret minimization to create competitive multiplayer poker agents
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1 - Volume 1
Computing equilibria by incorporating qualitative models?
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1 - Volume 1
Strategy generation in multi-agent imperfect-information pursuit games
Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems: volume 1 - Volume 1
Artificial Intelligence
Game theory-based opponent modeling in large imperfect-information games
The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
The 10th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 3
Similarity-Based retrieval and solution re-use policies in the game of texas hold'em
ICCBR'10 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
Game-Tree search with adaptation in stochastic imperfect-information games
CG'04 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Computers and Games
Successful performance via decision generalisation in no limit texas hold'em
ICCBR'11 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Case-Based Reasoning Research and Development
Computing approximate Nash Equilibria and robust best-responses using sampling
Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research
Lossy stochastic game abstraction with bounds
Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Electronic Commerce
Regret minimization in multiplayer extensive games
IJCAI'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-Second international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence - Volume Volume Three
Strategy purification and thresholding: effective non-equilibrium approaches for playing large games
Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 2
Case-based strategies in computer poker
AI Communications
AIS'12 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Autonomous and Intelligent Systems
Incompetence and impact of training in bimatrix games
Automatica (Journal of IFAC)
Evaluating state-space abstractions in extensive-form games
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems
IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
Decision generalisation from game logs in no limit texas Hold'em
IJCAI'13 Proceedings of the Twenty-Third international joint conference on Artificial Intelligence
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The computation of the first complete approximations of game-theoretic optimal strategies for full-scale poker is addressed. Several abstraction techniques are combined to represent the game of 2-player Texas Hold'em, having size O(1018), using closely related models each having size O(1O7). Despite the reduction in size by a factor of 100 billion, the resulting models retain the key properties and structure of the real game. Linear programming solutions to the abstracted game are used to create substantially improved poker-playing programs, able to defeat strong human players and be competitive against world-class opponents.