A muscle model for animation three-dimensional facial expression
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fronts propagating with curvature-dependent speed: algorithms based on Hamilton-Jacobi formulations
Journal of Computational Physics
Performance-driven facial animation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A plastic-visco-elastic model for wrinkles in facial animation and skin aging
Pacific Graphics '94 Proceedings of the second Pacific conference on Fundamentals of computer graphics
Realistic modeling for facial animation
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Simulating facial surgery using finite element models
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Subdivision surfaces in character animation
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Real-time Photo-Realistic Physically Based Rendering of Fine Scale Human Skin Structure
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Simulation of Static and Dynamic Wrinkles of Skin
CA '96 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Dirichlet Free-Form Deformations and their Application to Hand Simulation
CA '97 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
A Simple Method for Modeling Wrinkles on Human Skin
PG '02 Proceedings of the 10th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
CGI '04 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International
Multi-scale capture of facial geometry and motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Pose-space animation and transfer of facial details
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Real-Time Dynamic Wrinkles of Face for Animated Skinned Mesh
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part II
Embedded thin shells for wrinkle simulation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
SMI 2013: Shape modeling for animated characters using ordinary differential equations
Computers and Graphics
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Realistic skin modeling and animation must include the wrinkling of skin as it is stretched or compressed. We introduce a combination of a kinematic and a variational model to accomplish this. A curvature-driven kinematics forms the wrinkles: the final shape is obtained by minimizing a functional that includes energies or cost for stretching, bending, and self-intersection. In this paper we confine ourselves to curves in the plane as an approximation for contours of a finger. We model the wrinkle as sharp, that is, with infinite curvature, and so we abandon the standard Hookean elasticity in the energy for bending, modifying it so that it remains finite for singular curvature. We also use an 'energy' to ensure that skin surfaces do not interpenetrate each other under bending, instead of geometric methods for collision avoidance. We model the movement of skin with respect to underlying structures such as bones and muscles to allow a more natural effect of skin motion. We illustrate our results by animating a finger where profile curves develop wrinkles. The final model provides the animator with capability to control the location and formation of wrinkles through specification of user-defined parameters such as stretching, bending, spring constants, and curvature evolution rates. Our approach differs from most existing approaches which tend to be based on geometry, texture, and dynamics-based bump mapping. ng.