Artificial Neural Networks: A Tutorial
Computer - Special issue: neural computing: companion issue to Spring 1996 IEEE Computational Science & Engineering
The Odd-Even Turn Model for Adaptive Routing
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
Signalling techniques and their effect on neural network implementation sizes
Information Sciences: an International Journal
Interconnection Networks: An Engineering Approach
Interconnection Networks: An Engineering Approach
Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks
Principles and Practices of Interconnection Networks
A survey of research and practices of Network-on-chip
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A GALS Infrastructure for a Massively Parallel Multiprocessor
IEEE Design & Test
A Cellular Structure for Online Routing of Digital Spiking Neuron Axons and Dendrites on FPGAs
ICES '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Evolvable Systems: From Biology to Hardware
International Journal of Reconfigurable Computing - Selected papers from ReCoSoc08
Segment gating for static energy reduction in Networks-on-Chip
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Network on Chip Architectures
Biologically-Inspired Massively-Parallel Architectures - Computing Beyond a Million Processors
ACSD '09 Proceedings of the 2009 Ninth International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System Design
FPGA Accelerated Simulation of Biologically Plausible Spiking Neural Networks
FCCM '09 Proceedings of the 2009 17th IEEE Symposium on Field Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Efficient simulation of large-scale spiking neural networks using CUDA graphics processors
IJCNN'09 Proceedings of the 2009 international joint conference on Neural Networks
ICES'10 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Evolvable systems: from biology to hardware
Modeling Spiking Neural Networks on SpiNNaker
Computing in Science and Engineering
Adaptive routing strategies for large scale spiking neural network hardware implementations
ICANN'11 Proceedings of the 21th international conference on Artificial neural networks - Volume Part I
Hardware spiking neural network prototyping and application
Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines
Simple model of spiking neurons
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Which model to use for cortical spiking neurons?
IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks
Online traffic-aware fault detection for networks-on-chip
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
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The brain is highly efficient in how it processes information and tolerates faults. Arguably, the basic processing units are neurons and synapses that are interconnected in a complex pattern. Computer scientists and engineers aim to harness this efficiency and build artificial neural systems that can emulate the key information processing principles of the brain. However, existing approaches cannot provide the dense interconnect for the billions of neurons and synapses that are required. Recently a reconfigurable and biologically inspired paradigm based on network-on-chip (NoC) and spiking neural networks (SNNs) has been proposed as a new method of realising an efficient, robust computing platform. However, the use of the NoC as an interconnection fabric for large-scale SNNs demands a good trade-off between scalability, throughput, neuron/synapse ratio and power consumption. This paper presents a novel traffic-aware, adaptive NoC router, which forms part of a proposed embedded mixed-signal SNN architecture called EMBRACE (EMulating Biologically-inspiRed ArChitectures in hardwarE). The proposed adaptive NoC router provides the inter-neuron connectivity for EMBRACE, maintaining router communication and avoiding dropped router packets by adapting to router traffic congestion. Results are presented on throughput, power and area performance analysis of the adaptive router using a 90 nm CMOS technology which outperforms existing NoCs in this domain. The adaptive behaviour of the router is also verified on a Stratix II FPGA implementation of a 4 x 2 router array with real-time traffic congestion. The presented results demonstrate the feasibility of using the proposed adaptive NoC router within the EMBRACE architecture to realise large-scale SNNs on embedded hardware.