The metaDESK: models and prototypes for tangible user interfaces
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Essential Computer Animation Fast: How to Understand the Techniques and Potential of Computer Animation
Construct3D: an augmented reality application for mathematics and geometry education
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Comparative effectiveness of augmented reality in object assembly
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Environmental Detectives: PDAs as a Window into a Virtual Simulated World
WMTE '02 Proceedings IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education
Matrix: A Realtime Object Identification and Registration Method for Augmented Reality
APCHI '98 Proceedings of the Third Asian Pacific Computer and Human Interaction
ScienceSpace: virtual realities for learning complex and abstract scientific concepts
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
VRAIS '98 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium
Communication Behaviors of Co-Located Users in Collaborative AR Interfaces
ISMAR '02 Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
3D User Interfaces: Theory and Practice
Immersive Authoring of Tangible Augmented Reality Applications
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Augmented Reality with Tangible Auto-Fabricated Models for Molecular Biology Applications
VIS '04 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '04
Extending tangible interfaces for education: digital montessori-inspired manipulatives
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A study of comparing the use of augmented reality and physical models in chemistry education
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM international conference on Virtual reality continuum and its applications
How bodies matter: five themes for interaction design
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Virtual and augmented reality as spatial ability training tools
CHINZ '06 Proceedings of the 7th ACM SIGCHI New Zealand chapter's international conference on Computer-human interaction: design centered HCI
Tangible tiles: design and evaluation of a tangible user interface in a collaborative tabletop setup
OZCHI '06 Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments
Tangible user interface for chemistry education: comparative evaluation and re-design
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
A Model for Understanding How Virtual Reality Aids Complex Conceptual Learning
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Developing Killer Apps for Industrial Augmented Reality
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Learning Molecular Structures Using Augmented Reality
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Supporting Learning Flow through Integrative Technologies
Summary of usability evaluations of an educational augmented reality application
ICVR'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual reality
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This article presents the characteristics of using a tangible tabletop environment produced by augmented reality AR, aimed at improving the environment in which learners observe three-dimensional molecular structures. The authors perform two evaluation experiments. A performance test for a user interface demonstrates that learners with a tangible AR environment were able to complete the task of identifying molecular structures more quickly and accurately than those with a typical desktop-PC environment using a Web browser. A usability test by participants who learned molecular structures and answered relevant questions demonstrates that the environments had no effect on their learning of molecular structures. However, a preference test reveals that learners preferred a more tangible AR environment to a Web-browser environment in terms of overall enjoyment, reality of manipulation, and sense of presence, and vice versa in terms of ease of viewing, experience, and durability.