Improved methods of estimating shape from shading using the light source coordinate system
Artificial Intelligence
A Method for Enforcing Integrability in Shape from Shading Algorithms
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape from shading
Shape from shading
Height and gradient from shading
International Journal of Computer Vision
CVGIP: Image Understanding
Surface Reflection: Physical and Geometrical Perspectives
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Estimation of Illuminant Direction, Albedo, and Shape from Shading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A viscosity solutions approach to shape-from-shading
SIAM Journal on Numerical Analysis
Generalization of the Lambertian model and implications for machine vision
International Journal of Computer Vision
Object-centered surface reconstruction: combining multi-image stereo and shading
International Journal of Computer Vision
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Matrix computations (3rd ed.)
Imposing hard constraints on deformable models through optimization in orthogonal subspaces
Computer Vision and Image Understanding - Special issue on physics-based modeling and reasoning in computer vision
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
New Constraints on Data-Closeness and Needle Map Consistency for Shape-from-Shading
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Physics-Based Deformable Models: Applications to Computer Vision, Graphics, and Medical Imaging
Physics-Based Deformable Models: Applications to Computer Vision, Graphics, and Medical Imaging
Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing
Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing
Shape and Nonrigid Motion Estimation Through Physics-Based Synthesis
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape from Shading with a Linear Triangular Element Surface Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
From Regular Images to Animated Heads: A Least Squares Approach
ECCV '98 Proceedings of the 5th European Conference on Computer Vision-Volume I - Volume I
Reflectance and Texture of Real-World Surfaces Authors
CVPR '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '97)
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
What is the set of images of an object under all possible lighting conditions?
CVPR '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR '96)
Incorporating Illumination Constraints in Deformable Models
CVPR '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Computer Society Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
MVIEW '99 Proceedings of the IEEE Workshop on Multi-View Modeling & Analysis of Visual Scenes
Coupled Lighting Direction and Shape Estimation from Single Images
ICCV '99 Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Vision-Volume 2 - Volume 2
Shape-from-Shading Under Perspective Projection
International Journal of Computer Vision
Reillumination-driven shape from shading
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
Recovering Facial Shape Using a Statistical Model of Surface Normal Direction
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Shape and View Independent Reflectance Map from Multiple Views
International Journal of Computer Vision
Shape-from-shading for oblique lighting with accuracy enhancement by light direction optimization
EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal Processing
Facial Shape-from-shading and Recognition Using Principal Geodesic Analysis and Robust Statistics
International Journal of Computer Vision
Numerical methods for shape-from-shading: A new survey with benchmarks
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
3D-spline reconstruction using shape from shading: Spline from shading
Image and Vision Computing
3-D Reconstruction of Shaded Objects from Multiple Images Under Unknown Illumination
International Journal of Computer Vision
View invariant head recognition by Hybrid PCA based reconstruction
Integrated Computer-Aided Engineering
Estimation of multiple directional illuminants from a single image
Image and Vision Computing
Noise Analysis of a SFS Algorithm Formulated under Various Imaging Conditions
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing
ISVC '08 Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing, Part II
Reillumination-driven shape from shading
Computer Vision and Image Understanding
ISVC '09 Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Advances in Visual Computing: Part I
Reconstruction of Lambertian surfaces by discrete equal height contours and regions propagation
Image and Vision Computing
Facial gender classification using shape-from-shading
Image and Vision Computing
View invariant head recognition by hybrid PCA based reconstruction
AMFG'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Analysis and modeling of faces and gestures
Shape-from-shading algorithm for oblique light source
ISVC'07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
A solution to illumination direction estimation of a shaded image: Genetic algorithm
Image and Vision Computing
Linear-nonlinear neuronal model for shape from shading
Pattern Recognition Letters
Combining probabilistic shape-from-shading and statistical facial shape models
ICIAP'11 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Image analysis and processing: Part I
Approximating 3D facial shape from photographs using coupled statistical models
CIARP'06 Proceedings of the 11th Iberoamerican conference on Progress in Pattern Recognition, Image Analysis and Applications
A coupled statistical model for face shape recovery
SSPR'06/SPR'06 Proceedings of the 2006 joint IAPR international conference on Structural, Syntactic, and Statistical Pattern Recognition
3D shape recovery of smooth surfaces: dropping the fixed viewpoint assumption
ACCV'06 Proceedings of the 7th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part I
Modelling surface normal distribution using the azimuthal equidistant projection
IMA'05 Proceedings of the 11th IMA international conference on Mathematics of Surfaces
Single image estimation of facial albedo maps
BVAI'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Brain, Vision, and Artificial Intelligence
A model-based method for face shape recovery
IbPRIA'05 Proceedings of the Second Iberian conference on Pattern Recognition and Image Analysis - Volume Part I
Reconstructing shape from dictionaries of shading primitives
ACCV'12 Proceedings of the 11th Asian conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV
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In this paper, we present a method for the integration of nonlinear holonomic constraints in deformable models and its application to the problems of shape and illuminant direction estimation from shading. Experimental results demonstrate that our method performs better than previous Shape from Shading algorithms applied to images of Lambertian objects under known illumination. It is also more general as it can be applied to non-Lambertian surfaces and it does not require knowledge of the illuminant direction. In this paper, 1) we first develop a theory for the numerically robust integration of nonlinear holonomic constraints within a deformable model framework. In this formulation, we use Lagrange multipliers and a Baumgarte stabilization approach. We also describe a fast new method for the computation of constraint based forces, in the case of high numbers of local parameters. 3) We demonstrate how any type of illumination constraint, from the simple Lambertian model to more complex highly nonlinear models can be incorporated in a deformable model framework. 4) We extend our method to work when the direction of the light source is not known. We couple our shape estimation method with a method for light estimation, in an iterative process, where improved shape estimation results in improved light estimation and vice versa. 5) We perform a series of experiments on both synthetic and real data. The synthetic data come from a standardized set of images. Our results compare favorably with results of previous SfS algorithms on the same data and our light direction estimation to a previous method by Zheng and Chellapa.