How might people interact with agents
Communications of the ACM
Using a human face in an interface
CHI '94 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Situated facial displays: towards social interaction
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Increasing believability in animated pedagogical agents
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
Integrating reactive and scripted behaviors in a life-like presentation agent
AGENTS '98 Proceedings of the second international conference on Autonomous agents
The media equation: how people treat computers, television, and new media like real people and places
The impact of animated interface agents: a review of empirical research
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Human conversation as a system framework: designing embodied conversational agents
Embodied conversational agents
Tears and fears: modeling emotions and emotional behaviors in synthetic agents
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Embodied contextual agent in information delivering application
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 2
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Application of affective computing in humanComputer interaction
Believable agents: building interactive personalities
Believable agents: building interactive personalities
Human-Computer Interaction
Affective affordances: Improving interface character engagement through interaction
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies - Human-computer interaction research in the managemant information systems discipline
Comparing a computer agent with a humanoid robot
Proceedings of the ACM/IEEE international conference on Human-robot interaction
Chaos and Graphics: Maxine: A platform for embodied animated agents
Computers and Graphics
Avatars in Assistive Homes for the Elderly
USAB '08 Proceedings of the 4th Symposium of the Workgroup Human-Computer Interaction and Usability Engineering of the Austrian Computer Society on HCI and Usability for Education and Work
Journal of Management Information Systems
Are ECAs More Persuasive than Textual Messages?
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Affective interaction: How emotional agents affect users
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Quality of talking heads in different interaction and media contexts
Speech Communication
Investigating effective ECAs: an experiment on modality and initiative
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction - Volume Part II
A study of demographic embodiments of product recommendation agents in electronic commerce
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Lessons from research on interaction with virtual environments
Journal of Network and Computer Applications
Robots that express emotion elicit better human teaching
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Human-robot interaction
Achieving rapport with turn-by-turn, user-responsive emotional coloring
Speech Communication
The impact of emotion displays in embodied agents on emergence of cooperation with people
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
BCS-HCI '11 Proceedings of the 25th BCS Conference on Human-Computer Interaction
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The aim of this study was to empirically evaluate an embodied conversational agent called GRETA in an effort to answer two main questions: (1) What are the benefits (and costs) of presenting information via an animated agent, with certain characteristics, in a 'persuasion' task, compared to other forms of display? (2) How important is it that emotional expressions are added in a way that is consistent with the content of the message, in animated agents? To address these questions, a positively framed healthy eating message was created which was variously presented via GRETA, a matched human actor, GRETA's voice only (no face) or as text only. Furthermore, versions of GRETA were created which displayed additional emotional facial expressions in a way that was either consistent or inconsistent with the content of the message. Overall, it was found that although GRETA received significantly higher ratings for helpfulness and likability, presenting the message via GRETA led to the poorest memory performance among users. Importantly, however, when GRETA's additional emotional expressions were consistent with the content of the verbal message, the negative effect on memory performance disappeared. Overall, the findings point to the importance of achieving consistency in animated agents.