UIST '92 Proceedings of the 5th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Brushing techniques for exploring volume datasets
VIS '97 Proceedings of the 8th conference on Visualization '97
Interactive Space Deformation with Hardware-Assisted Rendering
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Information Availability in 2D and 3D Displays
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A characterization of the scientific data analysis process
VIS '92 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Visualization '92
Combining 2D and 3D views for orientation and relative position tasks
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Mental Registration of 2D and 3D Visualizations (An Empirical Study)
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Using Deformations for Browsing Volumetric Data
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Interactive Volume Manipulation with Selective Rendering for Improved Visualization
VV '04 Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE Symposium on Volume Visualization and Graphics
HingeSlicer: interactive exploration of volume images using extended 3D slice plane widgets
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
A mixing board interface for graphics and visualization applications
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Contextualized Videos: Combining Videos with Environment Models to Support Situational Understanding
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Compass visualizations for human-robotic interaction
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE international conference on Human robot interaction
Qualitative analysis of visualization: a building design field study
Proceedings of the 2008 Workshop on BEyond time and errors: novel evaLuation methods for Information Visualization
Process and Pitfalls in Writing Information Visualization Research Papers
Information Visualization
Multiscale 3D reference visualization
Proceedings of the 2009 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Perspectives, frame rates and resolutions: it's all in the game
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
User evaluation of see-through vision for mobile outdoor augmented reality
ISMAR '08 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Proceedings of the 6th Symposium on Applied Perception in Graphics and Visualization
Low cost VR meets low cost multi-touch
ISVC'10 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
I3D '11 Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
The OmegaDesk: towards a hybrid 2D and 3D work desk
ISVC'11 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advances in visual computing - Volume Part II
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing - Representing and Reasoning About Three-Dimensional Space
A framework for exploring multidimensional data with 3D projections
EuroVis'11 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics / IEEE - VGTC conference on Visualization
VisRuption: intuitive and efficient visualization of temporal airline disruption data
EuroVis '13 Proceedings of the 15th Eurographics Conference on Visualization
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We describe a series of experiments that compare 2D displays, 3D displays, and combined 2D/3D displays (orientation icon, ExoVis, and clip planes) for relative position estimation, orientation, and volume of interest tasks. Our results indicate that 3D displays can be very effective for approximate navigation and relative positioning when appropriate cues, such as shadows, are present. However, 3D displays are not effective for precise navigation and positioning except possibly in specific circumstances, for instance, when good viewing angles or measurement tools are available. For precise tasks in other situations, orientation icon and ExoVis displays were better than strict 2D or 3D displays (displays consisting exclusively of 2D or 3D views). The combined displays had as good or better performance, inspired higher confidence, and allowed natural, integrated navigation. Clip plane displays were not effective for 3D orientation because users could not easily view more than one 2D slice at a time and had to frequently change the visibility of individual slices. Major factors contributing to display preference and usability were task characteristics, orientation cues, occlusion, and spatial proximity of views that were used together.