SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Layered construction for deformable animated characters
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive visualization of 3D-vector fields using illuminated stream lines
Proceedings of the 7th conference on Visualization '96
Smoothed particles: a new paradigm for animating highly deformable bodies
Proceedings of the Eurographics workshop on Computer animation and simulation '96
ArtDefo: accurate real time deformable objects
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive animation of structured deformable objects
Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99
Dynamic real-time deformations using space & time adaptive sampling
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A user-programmable vertex engine
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
CHARMS: a simple framework for adaptive simulation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Graphical modeling and animation of ductile fracture
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
DyRT: dynamic response textures for real time deformation simulation with graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive skeleton-driven dynamic deformations
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Combining Active and Passive Simulations for Secondary Motion
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Real Time Muscle Deformations using Mass-Spring Systems
CGI '98 Proceedings of the Computer Graphics International 1998
SIGGRAPH '81 Proceedings of the 8th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Finite volume methods for the simulation of skeletal muscle
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Dynamically coupled particle systems for geometric modeling, reconstruction, and animation
Dynamically coupled particle systems for geometric modeling, reconstruction, and animation
Approximate convex decomposition
SCG '04 Proceedings of the twentieth annual symposium on Computational geometry
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Point based animation of elastic, plastic and melting objects
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Modal Warping: Real-Time Simulation of Large Rotational Deformation and Manipulation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Meshless deformations based on shape matching
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Physically based rigging for deformable characters
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Capturing and animating skin deformation in human motion
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Vector field based shape deformations
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Example-based dynamic skinning in real time
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
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We present an approach for elastic secondary deformations of shapes described as triangular meshes. The deformations are steered by the simulation of a low number of simple mass-spring sets. The result of this simulation is used to define time-dependent divergence-free vector fields whose numerical path line integration gives the new location of each vertex. This way the deformation is guaranteed to be volume-preserving and without self-intersections, giving plausible elastic deformations. Due to a GPU implementation, the deformation can be obtained in real-time for fairly complex shapes. The approach also avoids unwanted intersections in the case of collisions in the primary animation. We demonstrate its accuracy, stableness and usefulness for different kinds of primary animations/deformations.