A graphics system architecture for interactive application-specific display functions
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
A parallel processor architecture for graphics arithmetic operations
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The pixel machine: a parallel image computer
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Pixel-planes 5: a heterogeneous multiprocessor graphics system using processor-enhanced memories
SIGGRAPH '89 Proceedings of the 16th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The rendering architecture of the DN10000VS
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
i860 microprocessor family programmer's reference manual
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PixelFlow: high-speed rendering using image composition
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Graphics rendering architecture for a high performance desktop workstation
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Reflection vector shading hardware
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InfiniteReality: a real-time graphics system
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
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Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
High-performance polygon rendering
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A display system for the Stellar graphics supercomputer model GS1000
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A real-time procedural shading system for programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Geometry Engine: A VLSI Geometry System for Graphics
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Chap - a SIMD graphics processor
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EGGH'95 Proceedings of the Tenth Eurographics conference on Graphics Hardware
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Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Homomorphic factorization of BRDFs for high-performance rendering
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Compiling to a VLIW fragment pipeline
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
EigenSkin: real time large deformation character skinning in hardware
Proceedings of the 2002 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Hardware-assisted computation of depth contours
SODA '02 Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Homomorphic factorization of BRDF-based lighting computation
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Interactive global illumination in dynamic scenes
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
DyRT: dynamic response textures for real time deformation simulation with graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ray tracing on programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Shader-driven compilation of rendering assets
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Comparing Reyes and OpenGL on a stream architecture
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Efficient partitioning of fragment shaders for multipass rendering on programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
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Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Interactive global illumination using fast ray tracing
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Interactive global illumination using selective photon tracing
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Hardware-accelerated point-based rendering of complex scenes
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Fast primitive distribution for illustration
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Direct manipulation of interactive character skins
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Application of the two-sided depth test to CSG rendering
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Using modern graphics architectures for general-purpose computing: a framework and analysis
Proceedings of the 35th annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
Mesh mutation in programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
3D graphics LSI core for mobile phone "Z3D"
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Precomputing interactive dynamic deformable scenes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Cg: a system for programming graphics hardware in a C-like language
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Linear algebra operators for GPU implementation of numerical algorithms
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Sparse matrix solvers on the GPU: conjugate gradients and multigrid
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Nonlinear optimization framework for image-based modeling on programmable graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Proceedings of the 2003 Eurographics/ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Geometry processing
High-Quality Point-Based Rendering on Modern GPUs
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
Building compilers for DirectX 9.0 compatible graphics processors
OOPSLA '03 Companion of the 18th annual ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications
Real-time relighting of compressed panoramas
Graphics programming methods
Journal of Graphics Tools - Special on hardware-accelerated rendering techniques
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Particle system collision detection using graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Proceedings of the ninth international conference on 3D Web technology
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GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Interactive simulation of complex audiovisual scenes
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special section: Advances in interactive multimodal telepresent systems
Graphics gems revisited: fast and physically-based rendering of gemstones
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Brook for GPUs: stream computing on graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Taking stock of visualization in scientific computing
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
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Haskell '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Haskell
High-Throughput CORDIC-Based Geometry Operations for 3D Computer Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A Statistical Wisp Model and Pseudophysical Approaches for Interactive Hairstyle Generation
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A programmable vertex shader with fixed-point SIMD datapath for low power wireless applications
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
IEEE Micro
A reconfigurable architecture for load-balanced rendering
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
A realtime GPU subdivision kernel
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
An approximate image-space approach for interactive refraction
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
The irregular Z-buffer: Hardware acceleration for irregular data structures
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OpenVIDIA: parallel GPU computer vision
Proceedings of the 13th annual ACM international conference on Multimedia
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GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
ClawHMMER: A Streaming HMMer-Search Implementatio
SC '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/IEEE conference on Supercomputing
Glift: Generic, efficient, random-access GPU data structures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Inverse kinematics for reduced deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
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Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
UIST '06 Proceedings of the 19th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Accelerator: using data parallelism to program GPUs for general-purpose uses
Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
PCA-based compression for image-based relighting
ICME '03 Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Multimedia and Expo - Volume 2
Web based molecular visualization using procedural shaders in X3D
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Web program
Interactive Approximate Rendering of Reflections, Refractions, and Caustics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Real-time rendering systems in 2010
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Sparse matrix solvers on the GPU: conjugate gradients and multigrid
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Nonlinear optimization framework for image-based modeling on programmable graphics hardware
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Linear algebra operators for GPU implementation of numerical algorithms
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Ray tracing on programmable graphics hardware
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Courses
Skinning arbitrary deformations
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Real-time refraction through deformable objects
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Interactive refractions with total internal reflection
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
Handle-aware isolines for scalable shape editing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
A hardware architecture for surface splatting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
PCU: the programmable culling unit
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
A low-power handheld GPU using logarithmic arithmetic and triple DVFS power domains
Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
Elastic secondary deformations by vector field integration
SGP '07 Proceedings of the fifth Eurographics symposium on Geometry processing
Pseudorandom number generation on the GPU
GH '06 Proceedings of the 21st ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS symposium on Graphics hardware
Polypostors: 2D polygonal impostors for 3D crowds
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Example-based dynamic skinning in real time
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Parallel programming models overview
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 classes
Dynamic warp formation: Efficient MIMD control flow on SIMD graphics hardware
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Precomputation-Based Rendering
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision
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Computers & Geosciences
A survey of point-based techniques in computer graphics
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Geometry engine architecture with early backface culling hardware
Computers and Graphics
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ICACT'09 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Advanced Communication Technology - Volume 1
A fast spline curve rendering accelerator architecture
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
GPU-based multigrid: real-time performance in high resolution nonlinear image processing
ICVS'08 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Computer vision systems
An instruction-systolic programmable shader architecture for multi-threaded 3D graphics processing
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Scientific computing on commodity graphics hardware
CIS'04 Proceedings of the First international conference on Computational and Information Science
A single (unified) shader GPU microarchitecture for embedded systems
HiPEAC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers
iGPU: exception support and speculative execution on GPUs
Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
EGSR'10 Proceedings of the 21st Eurographics conference on Rendering
Real-time high-dynamic range texture mapping
EGWR'01 Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Real-time multi-perspective rendering on graphics hardware
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Geometry-shader-based real-time voxelization and applications
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
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In this paper we describe the design, programming interface, and implementation of a very efficient user-programmable vertex engine. The vertex engine of NVIDIA's GeForce3 GPU evolved from a highly tuned fixed-function pipeline requiring considerable knowledge to program. Programs operate only on a stream of independent vertices traversing the pipe. Embedded in the broader fixed function pipeline, our approach preserves parallelism sacrificed by previous approaches. The programmer is presented with a straightforward programming model, which is supported by transparent multi-threading and bypassing to preserve parallelism and performance.In the remainder of the paper we discuss the motivation behind our design and contrast it with previous work. We present the programming model, the instruction set selection process, and details of the hardware implementation. Finally, we discuss important API design issues encountered when creating an interface to such a device. We close with thoughts about the future of programmable graphics devices.