Environment mapping and other applications of world projections
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Bidirectional reflection functions from surface bump maps
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Towards image realism with interactive update rates in complex virtual building environments
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
The Design and Use of Steerable Filters
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
A global illumination solution for general reflectance distributions
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Vector quantization and signal compression
Vector quantization and signal compression
Radiosity and realistic image synthesis
Radiosity and realistic image synthesis
A framework for the analysis of error in global illumination algorithms
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Spherical wavelets: efficiently representing functions on the sphere
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Applications of irradiance tensors to the simulation of non-Lambertian phenomena
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Recovering high dynamic range radiance maps from photographs
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dimension reduction by local principal component analysis
Neural Computation
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Wavelets for computer graphics: theory and applications
Wavelets for computer graphics: theory and applications
Reflectance and texture of real-world surfaces
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Reflection space image based rendering
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic, hardware-accelerated shading and lighting
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Acquiring the reflectance field of a human face
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Surface light fields for 3D photography
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A fast relighting engine for interactive cinematic lighting design
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An anisotropic phong BRDF model
Journal of Graphics Tools
An improved illumination model for shaded display
Communications of the ACM
Texture and reflection in computer generated images
Communications of the ACM
Parameterized environment maps
I3D '01 Proceedings of the 2001 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
A signal-processing framework for inverse rendering
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A user-programmable vertex engine
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A real-time procedural shading system for programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
An efficient representation for irradiance environment maps
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic image synthesis using photon mapping
Realistic image synthesis using photon mapping
Steerable illumination textures
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Eigen-Texture Method: Appearance Compression and Synthesis Based on a 3D Model
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
Image-based 3D photography using opacity hulls
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Light field mapping: efficient representation and hardware rendering of surface light fields
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Frequency space environment map rendering
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Ray tracing on programmable graphics hardware
Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast, arbitrary BRDF shading for low-frequency lighting using spherical harmonics
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Interactive Design of Complex Time-Dependent Lighting
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Lambertian Reflectance and Linear Subspaces
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
I3D '03 Proceedings of the 2003 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Unified Approach to Prefiltered Environment Maps
Proceedings of the Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques 2000
Proceedings of the 12th Eurographics Workshop on Rendering Techniques
Summed-area tables for texture mapping
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Modeling the interaction of light between diffuse surfaces
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
All-frequency shadows using non-linear wavelet lighting approximation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Clustered principal components for precomputed radiance transfer
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Structured importance sampling of environment maps
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Precomputing interactive dynamic deformable scenes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Cg: a system for programming graphics hardware in a C-like language
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
Frustum Casting for Progressive, Interactive Rendering
Frustum Casting for Progressive, Interactive Rendering
Efficient Linear Re-rendering for Interactive Lighting Design
Efficient Linear Re-rendering for Interactive Lighting Design
Triple product wavelet integrals for all-frequency relighting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Brook for GPUs: stream computing on graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A signal-processing framework for reflection
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
RPU: a programmable ray processing unit for realtime ray tracing
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Lpics: a hybrid hardware-accelerated relighting engine for computer cinematography
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Real-time rendering of plant leaves
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Real-Time subspace integration for St. Venant-Kirchhoff deformable models
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
A practical analytic single scattering model for real time rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Wavelet importance sampling: efficiently evaluating products of complex functions
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Multi-level ray tracing algorithm
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Precomputed shadow fields for dynamic scenes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
All-frequency interactive relighting of translucent objects with single and multiple scattering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Precomputed local radiance transfer for real-time lighting design
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Local, deformable precomputed radiance transfer
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Clustered Blockwise PCA for Representing Visual Data
IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence
View-dependent precomputed light transport using nonlinear Gaussian function approximations
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Photorealistic lighting with offset radiance transfer mapping
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Normal mapping for precomputed radiance transfer
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
All-frequency relighting of glossy objects
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Ray tracing animated scenes using coherent grid traversal
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Appearance manifolds for modeling time-variant appearance of materials
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Time-varying surface appearance: acquisition, modeling and rendering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Real-time BRDF editing in complex lighting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Generalized wavelet product integral for rendering dynamic glossy objects
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Real-time soft shadows in dynamic scenes using spherical harmonic exponentiation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Direct-to-indirect transfer for cinematic relighting
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
4D compression and relighting with high-resolution light transport matrices
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
The lightspeed automatic interactive lighting preview system
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Matrix row-column sampling for the many-light problem
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Interactive relighting with dynamic BRDFs
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Frequency domain normal map filtering
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
Interactive editing and modeling of bidirectional texture functions
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
A theory of locally low dimensional light transport
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 papers
A framework for precomputed and captured light transport
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
SOHO: Orthogonal and symmetric Haar wavelets on the sphere
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Precomputed Visibility Cuts for Interactive Relighting with Dynamic BRDFs
PG '07 Proceedings of the 15th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
A precomputed polynomial representation for interactive BRDF editing with global illumination
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Real-time, all-frequency shadows in dynamic scenes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Interactive relighting of dynamic refractive objects
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
A meshless hierarchical representation for light transport
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Real-time editing and relighting of homogeneous translucent materials
The Visual Computer: International Journal of Computer Graphics
Fast, realistic lighting and material design using nonlinear cut approximation
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Compressive light transport sensing
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Affine double- and triple-product wavelet integrals for rendering
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, Third Edition: The Sparse Way
A Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing, Third Edition: The Sparse Way
An analysis of the in-out BRDF factorization for view-dependent relighting
EGSR'08 Proceedings of the Nineteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering
Hemispherical rasterization for self-shadowing of dynamic objects
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
A novel hemispherical basis for accurate and efficient rendering
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Spherical harmonic gradients for mid-range illumination
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
All-frequency precomputed radiance transfer for glossy objects
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
All-frequency relighting of non-diffuse objects using separable BRDF approximation
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Light field techniques for reflections and refractions
EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Precomputed radiance transfer for real-time indirect lighting using a spectral mesh basis
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Large-scale data management for PRT-based real-time rendering of dynamically skinned models
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Precomputed radiance transfer for dynamic scenes taking into account light interreflection
EGSR'07 Proceedings of the 18th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Exploiting temporal coherence for incremental all-frequency relighting
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Wavelet radiance transport for interactive indirect lighting
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Efficient wavelet rotation for environment map rendering
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Ambient occlusion for animated characters
EGSR'06 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
From the Rendering Equation to Stratified Light Transport Inversion
International Journal of Computer Vision
Interactive rendering of acquired materials on dynamic geometry using bandwidth prediction
I3D '12 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Global illumination with radiance regression functions
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
Learning based compression for real-time rendering of surface light fields
ACM SIGGRAPH 2013 Posters
The shading probe: fast appearance acquisition for mobile AR
SIGGRAPH Asia 2013 Technical Briefs
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High quality image synthesis is a long-standing goal in computer graphics. Complex lighting, reflection, shadow and global illumination effects can be rendered with modern image synthesis algorithms, but those methods are focused on offline computation of a single image. They are far from interactive, and the image must be recomputed from scratch when any aspect of the scene changes. On the other hand, real-time rendering often fixes the object geometry and other attributes, such as relighting a static image for lighting design. In these cases, the final image or rendering is a linear combination of basis images or radiance distributions due to individual lights. We can therefore precompute offline solutions to each individual light or lighting basis function, combining them efficiently for real-time image synthesis. Precomputation-based relighting and radiance transfer has a long history with a spurt of renewed interest, including adoption in commercial video games, due to recent mathematical developments and hardware advances. In this survey, we describe the mathematical foundations, history, current research and future directions for precomputation-based rendering.