CHI '91 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Toolglass and magic lenses: the see-through interface
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Bricks: laying the foundations for graspable user interfaces
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Tagged handles: merging discrete and continuous manual control
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
DataTiles: a modular platform for mixed physical and graphical interactions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Project FEELEX: adding haptic surface to graphics
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Acquisition of expanding targets
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The actuated workbench: computer-controlled actuation in tabletop tangible interfaces
Proceedings of the 15th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Haptic chameleon: a new concept of shape-changing user interface controls with force feedback
CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Haptic Rendering: Introductory Concepts
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Token+constraint systems for tangible interaction with digital information
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Augmented Coliseum: An Augmented Game Environment with Small Vehicles
TABLETOP '06 Proceedings of the First IEEE International Workshop on Horizontal Interactive Human-Computer Systems
How bodies matter: five themes for interaction design
DIS '06 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Designing Interactive systems
Actuation and tangible user interfaces: the Vaucanson duck, robots, and shape displays
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Mechanical constraints as computational constraints in tabletop tangible interfaces
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Tangible and embedded interaction
Providing dynamically changeable physical buttons on a visual display
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
SLAP widgets: bridging the gap between virtual and physical controls on tabletops
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
BubbleWrap: a textile-based electromagnetic haptic display
CHI '09 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Madgets: actuating widgets on interactive tabletops
UIST '10 Proceedings of the 23nd annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Take me by the hand: haptic compasses in mobile devices through shape change and weight shift
Proceedings of the 6th Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Extending Boundaries
MudPad: tactile feedback and haptic texture overlay for touch surfaces
ACM International Conference on Interactive Tabletops and Surfaces
Personal and Ubiquitous Computing
Rendering physical effects in tabletop controls
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Direct and gestural interaction with relief: a 2.5D shape display
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
FingerFlux: near-surface haptic feedback on tabletops
Proceedings of the 24th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 Emerging Technologies
Shape-changing interfaces: a review of the design space and open research questions
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Affordances in HCI: toward a mediated action perspective
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 25th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Sublimate: state-changing virtual and physical rendering to augment interaction with shape displays
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Crossing the bridge over Norman's Gulf of Execution: revealing feedforward's true identity
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
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Past research on shape displays has primarily focused on rendering content and user interface elements through shape output, with less emphasis on dynamically changing UIs. We propose utilizing shape displays in three different ways to mediate interaction: to facilitate by providing dynamic physical affordances through shape change, to restrict by guiding users with dynamic physical constraints, and to manipulate by actuating physical objects. We outline potential interaction techniques and introduce Dynamic Physical Affordances and Constraints with our inFORM system, built on top of a state-of-the-art shape display, which provides for variable stiffness rendering and real-time user input through direct touch and tangible interaction. A set of motivating examples demonstrates how dynamic affordances, constraints and object actuation can create novel interaction possibilities.