Shape-changing interfaces: a review of the design space and open research questions

Authors:
Majken K. Rasmussen;Esben W. Pedersen;Marianne G. Petersen;Kasper Hornbæk
Affiliations:
Aarhus School of Architecture, Aarhus, Denmark;University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark;University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark;University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Venue:
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Year:
2012

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Abstract

Shape change is increasingly used in physical user interfaces, both as input and output. Yet, the progress made and the key research questions for shape-changing interfaces are rarely analyzed systematically. We review a sample of existing work on shape-changing interfaces to address these shortcomings. We identify eight types of shape that are transformed in various ways to serve both functional and hedonic design purposes. Interaction with shape-changing interfaces is simple and rarely merges input and output. Three questions are discussed based on the review: (a) which design purposes may shape-changing interfaces be used for, (b) which parts of the design space are not well understood, and (c) why studying user experience with shape-changing interfaces is important.