Some Results of the Earliest Deadline Scheduling Algorithm
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Calculating the maximum, execution time of real-time programs
Real-Time Systems
Stack-based scheduling for realtime processes
Real-Time Systems
Predicting program execution times by analyzing static and dynamic program paths
Real-Time Systems - Special issue: Real-time languages and language-level timing tools and analysis
Pipelined processors and worst case execution times
Real-Time Systems
Fixed priority pre-emptive scheduling: an historical perspective
Real-Time Systems - Special issue: history of real-time systems
Comparing algorithm for dynamic speed-setting of a low-power CPU
MobiCom '95 Proceedings of the 1st annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
The simulation and evaluation of dynamic voltage scaling algorithms
ISLPED '98 Proceedings of the 1998 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
On-line scheduling of hard real-time tasks on variable voltage processor
Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Scheduling Algorithms for Multiprogramming in a Hard-Real-Time Environment
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Timing Analysis for Instruction Caches
Real-Time Systems - Special issue on worst-case execution-time analysis
LEneS: task scheduling for low-energy systems using variable supply voltage processors
Proceedings of the 2001 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Improving dynamic voltage scaling algorithms with PACE
Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Dynamic voltage scaling on a low-power microprocessor
Proceedings of the 7th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
Hard real-time scheduling for low-energy using stochastic data and DVS processors
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Real-time dynamic voltage scaling for low-power embedded operating systems
SOSP '01 Proceedings of the eighteenth ACM symposium on Operating systems principles
Real-Time Systems
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: Edf and Related Algorithms
Deadline Scheduling for Real-Time Systems: Edf and Related Algorithms
Power optimization of real-time embedded systems on variable speed processors
Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Computer
Intra-Task Voltage Scheduling for Low-Energy, Hard Real-Time Applications
IEEE Design & Test
Priority Inheritance Protocols: An Approach to Real-Time Synchronization
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Voltage-Clock-Scaling Adaptive Scheduling Techniques for Low Power in Hard Real-Time Systems
RTAS '00 Proceedings of the Sixth IEEE Real Time Technology and Applications Symposium (RTAS 2000)
Voltage-Clock Scaling for Low Energy Consumption in Real-Time Embedded Systems
RTCSA '99 Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications
Efficient microarchitecture modeling and path analysis for real-time software
RTSS '95 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Integrating the timing analysis of pipelining and instruction caching
RTSS '95 Proceedings of the 16th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Synthesis Techniques for Low-Power Hard Real-Time Systems on Variable Voltage Processors
RTSS '98 Proceedings of the IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Dynamic and Aggressive Scheduling Techniques for Power-Aware Real-Time Systems
RTSS '01 Proceedings of the 22nd IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Policies for dynamic clock scheduling
OSDI'00 Proceedings of the 4th conference on Symposium on Operating System Design & Implementation - Volume 4
Uncertainty-based scheduling: energy-efficient ordering for tasks with variable execution time
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
FAST: Frequency-Aware Static Timing Analysis
RTSS '03 Proceedings of the 24th IEEE International Real-Time Systems Symposium
Adaptive scheduling server for power-aware real-time tasks
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Feedback EDF scheduling exploiting hardware-assisted asynchronous dynamic voltage scaling
LCTES '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGPLAN/SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
Meeting CPU constraints by delaying playout of multimedia tasks
NOSSDAV '05 Proceedings of the international workshop on Network and operating systems support for digital audio and video
Power reduction by varying sampling rate
ISLPED '05 Proceedings of the 2005 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Power reduction techniques for microprocessor systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Feedback Scheduling of Power-Aware Soft Real-Time Tasks
ENC '05 Proceedings of the Sixth Mexican International Conference on Computer Science
FAST: Frequency-aware static timing analysis
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Exploiting synchronous and asynchronous DVS for feedback EDF scheduling on an embedded platform
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
DVSMT: Dynamic Voltage Scaling for Scheduling Mixed Real-Time Tasks
ICESS '07 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Embedded Software and Systems
Real-time static voltage scaling on multiprocessors
PDCS '07 Proceedings of the 19th IASTED International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing and Systems
The design and implementation of the DVS based dynamic compiler for power reduction
APPT'07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Advanced parallel processing technologies
PCFS: Power Credit Based Fair Scheduler Under DVFS for Muliticore Virtualization Platform
GREENCOM-CPSCOM '10 Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on Green Computing and Communications & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing
Simultaneous thermal and timeliness guarantees in distributed real-time embedded systems
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
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Embedded systems have limited energy resources. Hence, they should conserve these resources to extend their period of operation. Recently, dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) and dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) have been added to a various embedded processors as a means to increase battery life. A number of scheduling techniques have been developed to exploit DFS and DVS for real-time systems to reduce energy consumption. These techniques exploit idle and slack time of a schedule. Idle time can be consumed by lowering the processor frequency of selected tasks while slack time allows later tasks to execute at lower frequencies with reduced voltage demands.Our work delivers energy savings beyond the level of prior work. We enhance the earliest-deadline first (EDF) scheduling to exploit slack time generated by the invocation of the task at multiple frequency levels within the same invocation. The technique relies strictly on operating system support within the scheduler to implement the approach. Early scaling at a low frequency, determined by a feedback mechanism and facilitated by a slack-passing scheme, capitalizes on high probabilities of a task to finish its execution without utilizing its worst-case execution budget. If a task does not complete at a certain point in time within its low frequency range, the remainder of it continues to execute at a higher frequency. Our experiments demonstrate that the resulting energy savings exceed those of previously published work by up to 33%. In addition, our method only adds a constant complexity at each scheduling point, which has not been achieved by prior work, to the best of our knowledge.