ASPLOS IX Proceedings of the ninth international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Memory controller policies for DRAM power management
ISLPED '01 Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Hardware and Software Techniques for Controlling DRAM Power Modes
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Critical power slope: understanding the runtime effects of frequency scaling
ICS '02 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Supercomputing
Analysis of Queueing Networks with Blocking
Analysis of Queueing Networks with Blocking
On the Exact and Approximate Throughput Analysis of Closed Queuing Networks with Blocking
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Using SimPoint for accurate and efficient simulation
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Performance directed energy management for main memory and disks
ASPLOS XI Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
A performance-conserving approach for reducing peak power consumption in server systems
Proceedings of the 19th annual international conference on Supercomputing
The M5 Simulator: Modeling Networked Systems
IEEE Micro
Design and implementation of power-aware virtual memory
ATEC '03 Proceedings of the annual conference on USENIX Annual Technical Conference
Limiting the power consumption of main memory
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Thermal modeling and management of DRAM memory systems
Proceedings of the 34th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Analysis of dynamic voltage/frequency scaling in chip-multiprocessors
ISLPED '07 Proceedings of the 2007 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Software thermal management of dram memory for multicore systems
SIGMETRICS '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Weatherman: Automated, Online and Predictive Thermal Mapping and Management for Data Centers
ICAC '06 Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Autonomic Computing
PowerNap: eliminating server idle power
Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Mini-rank: Adaptive DRAM architecture for improving memory power efficiency
Proceedings of the 41st annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk
Memory Systems: Cache, DRAM, Disk
Decoupled DIMM: building high-bandwidth memory system using low-speed DRAM devices
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Disaggregated memory for expansion and sharing in blade servers
Proceedings of the 36th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Future scaling of processor-memory interfaces
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Computing Networking, Storage and Analysis
Micro-pages: increasing DRAM efficiency with locality-aware data placement
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Power routing: dynamic power provisioning in the data center
Proceedings of the fifteenth edition of ASPLOS on Architectural support for programming languages and operating systems
Analyzing the energy efficiency of a database server
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data
Aérgia: exploiting packet latency slack in on-chip networks
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Rethinking DRAM design and organization for energy-constrained multi-cores
Proceedings of the 37th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Delivering energy proportionality with non energy-proportional systems: optimizing the ensemble
HotPower'08 Proceedings of the 2008 conference on Power aware computing and systems
What computer architects need to know about memory throttling
ISCA'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer Architecture
Memory power management via dynamic voltage/frequency scaling
Proceedings of the 8th ACM international conference on Autonomic computing
Power management of online data-intensive services
Proceedings of the 38th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Memory energy management for an enterprise decision support system
Proceedings of the 17th IEEE/ACM international symposium on Low-power electronics and design
Leveraging stored energy for handling power emergencies in aggressively provisioned datacenters
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
DreamWeaver: architectural support for deep sleep
ASPLOS XVII Proceedings of the seventeenth international conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems
Understanding the future of energy-performance trade-off via DVFS in HPC environments
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Energy efficiency for large-scale MapReduce workloads with significant interactive analysis
Proceedings of the 7th ACM european conference on Computer Systems
LogStore: toward energy-proportional storage servers
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
MultiScale: memory system DVFS with multiple memory controllers
Proceedings of the 2012 ACM/IEEE international symposium on Low power electronics and design
Towards energy-proportional datacenter memory with mobile DRAM
Proceedings of the 39th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
RAMZzz: rank-aware dram power management with dynamic migrations and demotions
SC '12 Proceedings of the International Conference on High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis
A survey of architectural techniques for DRAM power management
International Journal of High Performance Systems Architecture
Aggressive Datacenter Power Provisioning with Batteries
ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)
KnightShift: Scaling the Energy Proportionality Wall through Server-Level Heterogeneity
MICRO-45 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Rethinking DRAM Power Modes for Energy Proportionality
MICRO-45 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
CoScale: Coordinating CPU and Memory System DVFS in Server Systems
MICRO-45 Proceedings of the 2012 45th Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Navigating big data with high-throughput, energy-efficient data partitioning
Proceedings of the 40th Annual International Symposium on Computer Architecture
Coordinate page allocation and thread group for improving main memory power efficiency
Proceedings of the Workshop on Power-Aware Computing and Systems
FDIO: a feedback driven controller for minimizing energy in I/O-intensive applications
HotStorage'13 Proceedings of the 5th USENIX conference on Hot Topics in Storage and File Systems
USENIX ATC'13 Proceedings of the 2013 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
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Main memory is responsible for a large and increasing fraction of the energy consumed by servers. Prior work has focused on exploiting DRAM low-power states to conserve energy. However, these states require entire DRAM ranks to be idled, which is difficult to achieve even in lightly loaded servers. In this paper, we propose to conserve memory energy while improving its energy-proportionality by creating active low-power modes for it. Specifically, we propose MemScale, a scheme wherein we apply dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) to the memory controller and dynamic frequency scaling (DFS) to the memory channels and DRAM devices. MemScale is guided by an operating system policy that determines the DVFS/DFS mode of the memory subsystem based on the current need for memory bandwidth, the potential energy savings, and the performance degradation that applications are willing to withstand. Our results demonstrate that MemScale reduces energy consumption significantly compared to modern memory energy management approaches. We conclude that the potential benefits of the MemScale mechanisms and policy more than compensate for their small hardware cost.