Sorting and Searching using Ternary CAMs
IEEE Micro
New Algorithms for Subset Query, Partial Match, Orthogonal Range Searching, and Related Problems
ICALP '02 Proceedings of the 29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming
NETWORKING '02 Proceedings of the Second International IFIP-TC6 Networking Conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; and Mobile and Wireless Communications
Dynamic rectangular intersection with priorities
Proceedings of the thirty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing
Efficient implementation of a statistics counter architecture
SIGMETRICS '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A 320-Gb/s IP router with QoS control
ICCC '02 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on Computer communication
A pipelined memory architecture for high throughput network processors
Proceedings of the 30th annual international symposium on Computer architecture
Heterogeneous Co-Simulation of Networked Embedded Systems
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe - Volume 3
IBM PowerNP network processor: Hardware, software, and applications
IBM Journal of Research and Development
Packet classification in large ISPs: design and evaluation of decision tree classifiers
SIGMETRICS '05 Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
A High Throughput String Matching Architecture for Intrusion Detection and Prevention
Proceedings of the 32nd annual international symposium on Computer Architecture
Overcoming the memory wall in packet processing: hammers or ladders?
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
Packet classification consuming small amount of memory
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Efficient manipulation of binary data using pattern matching
Journal of Functional Programming
Dynamic rule-ordering optimization for high-speed firewall filtering
ASIACCS '06 Proceedings of the 2006 ACM Symposium on Information, computer and communications security
A hardware-engine for layer-2 classification in low-storage, ultra-high bandwidth environments
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe: Designers' forum
Bit-split string-matching engines for intrusion detection and prevention
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
QoS for internet services: done right
Proceedings of the 11th workshop on ACM SIGOPS European workshop
Packet classification using diagonal-based tuple space search
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A nonredundant ternary CAM circuit for network search engines
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Precomputation for intra-domain QoS routing
Computer Networks and ISDN Systems
Parallel tree search: An algorithmic approach for multi-field packet classification
Computer Communications
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Efficient packet classification using TCAMs
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Two-dimensional packet classification algorithm using a quad-tree
Computer Communications
Finding hierarchical heavy hitters in network measurement system
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Quorum: flexible quality of service for internet services
NSDI'05 Proceedings of the 2nd conference on Symposium on Networked Systems Design & Implementation - Volume 2
Dynamic Segment Trees for Ranges and Prefixes
IEEE Transactions on Computers
O(logW) multidimensional packet classification
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Reconciling performance and programmability in networking systems
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Applications, technologies, architectures, and protocols for computer communications
Performance improvement of two-dimensional packet classification by filter rephrasing
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Modified collision packet classification using counting Bloom filter in tuple space
PDCN'07 Proceedings of the 25th conference on Proceedings of the 25th IASTED International Multi-Conference: parallel and distributed computing and networks
Two stage packet classification using most specific filter matching and transport level sharing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Towards high-performance flow-level packet processing on multi-core network processors
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
High-speed packet classification using binary search on length
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
A programmable message classification engine for session initiation protocol (SIP)
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architecture for networking and communications systems
An inference system for detecting firewall filtering rules anomalies
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM symposium on Applied computing
Scalable packet classification by TCAM entry encryption algorithm
Journal of High Speed Networks
Collaborative enforcement of firewall policies in virtual private networks
Proceedings of the twenty-seventh ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computing
Acceleration of decision tree searching for IP traffic classification
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Packet prediction for speculative cut-through switching
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Low power architecture for high speed packet classification
Proceedings of the 4th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Large-scale wire-speed packet classification on FPGAs
Proceedings of the ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A processing path dispatcher in network processor MPSoCs
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Scalable packet classification with controlled cross-producting
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Topological transformation approaches to optimizing TCAM-based packet classification systems
Proceedings of the eleventh international joint conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Field-split parallel architecture for high performance multi-match packet classification using FPGAs
Proceedings of the twenty-first annual symposium on Parallelism in algorithms and architectures
LOP: a novel SRAM-based architecture for low power and high throughput packet classification
CODES+ISSS '09 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference on Hardware/software codesign and system synthesis
Design principles and algorithms for effective high-speed IP flow monitoring
Computer Communications
Packet classification using diagonal-based tuple space search
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Precomputation for intra-domain QoS routing
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A high-speed and EDP-efficient range-matching scheme for packet classification
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs
A high-speed range-matching TCAM for storage-efficient packet classification
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems Part I: Regular Papers
Scalable packet classification for network intrusion detection
CSS '07 Proceedings of the Fifth IASTED International Conference on Circuits, Signals and Systems
A formal logic approach to firewall packet filtering analysis and generation
Artificial Intelligence Review
Trie Partitioning in distributed PC based routers
COMSNETS'09 Proceedings of the First international conference on COMmunication Systems And NETworks
PCAM-based wire-speed range matching in multidimensional packet classification
COMSNETS'09 Proceedings of the First international conference on COMmunication Systems And NETworks
Range trees with variable length comparisons
HPSR'09 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High Performance Switching and Routing
Hardware acceleration for media/transaction applications in network processors
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Improving performance of digest caches in network processors
HiPC'08 Proceedings of the 15th international conference on High performance computing
Small subset queries and bloom filters using ternary associative memories, with applications
Proceedings of the ACM SIGMETRICS international conference on Measurement and modeling of computer systems
Energy-efficient multi-pipeline architecture for terabit packet classification
GLOBECOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Global telecommunications
TCAM Razor: a systematic approach towards minimizing packet classifiers in TCAMs
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
SafeQ: secure and efficient query processing in sensor networks
INFOCOM'10 Proceedings of the 29th conference on Information communications
Tree-based minimization of TCAM entries for packet classification
CCNC'10 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE conference on Consumer communications and networking conference
Ant Colony Optimization based approach for efficient packet filtering in firewall
Applied Soft Computing
A fast IPv6 packet classification algorithm based on efficient multi-bit selection
Computer Communications
Differentially-private network trace analysis
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2010 conference
MILCOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Military communications
Techniques for policy enforcement on encrypted network traffic
MILCOM'09 Proceedings of the 28th IEEE conference on Military communications
Range Tries for scalable address lookup
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Progressive hashing for packet processing using set associative memory
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Proceedings of the 5th ACM/IEEE Symposium on Architectures for Networking and Communications Systems
Policy segmentation for intelligent firewall testing
NPSEC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on Secure network protocols
ERFC: an enhanced recursive flow classification algorithm
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Topological transformation approaches to TCAM-based packet classification
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Characterization of power-aware reconfiguration in FPGA-based networking hardware
NETWORKING'11 Proceedings of the IFIP TC 6th international conference on Networking
Intelligent DDoS packet filtering in high-speed networks
ISPA'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Parallel and Distributed Processing and Applications
Firewall policy change-impact analysis
ACM Transactions on Internet Technology (TOIT)
Packet classification with evolvable hardware hash functions – an intrinsic approach
BioADIT'06 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Biologically Inspired Approaches to Advanced Information Technology
Design and implementation of a high-speed RFID data filtering engine
EUC'06 Proceedings of the 2006 international conference on Emerging Directions in Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing
Exploiting a computation reuse cache to reduce energy in network processors
HiPEAC'05 Proceedings of the First international conference on High Performance Embedded Architectures and Compilers
Performance improvement of hardware-based packet classification algorithm
ICN'05 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Networking - Volume Part II
OPODIS'04 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Principles of Distributed Systems
A 100Gig network processor platform for Openflow
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Network and Services Management
Exploiting traffic localities for efficient flow state lookup
NETWORKING'05 Proceedings of the 4th IFIP-TC6 international conference on Networking Technologies, Services, and Protocols; Performance of Computer and Communication Networks; Mobile and Wireless Communication Systems
Bidirectional range extension for TCAM-based packet classification
NETWORKING'10 Proceedings of the 9th IFIP TC 6 international conference on Networking
A dynamic stabbing-max data structure with sub-logarithmic query time
ISAAC'11 Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on Algorithms and Computation
A cache architecture for counting bloom filters: theory and application
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering
Efficient BitTorrent handshake obfuscation
Proceedings of the First Workshop on P2P and Dependability
An Optimal Dynamic Data Structure for Stabbing-Semigroup Queries
SIAM Journal on Computing
A prefix-based approach for managing hybrid specifications in complex packet filtering
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
A new hierarchical packet classification algorithm
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
Change-impact analysis of firewall policies
ESORICS'07 Proceedings of the 12th European conference on Research in Computer Security
Managing hybrid packet filter's specifications
International Journal of Security and Networks
Space and speed tradeoffs in TCAM hierarchical packet classification
Journal of Computer and System Sciences
Firewall packet filtering optimization using statistical traffic awareness test
ICICS'12 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Information and Communications Security
Privacy- and integrity-preserving range queries in sensor networks
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Efficient trie braiding in scalable virtual routers
IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (TON)
Design of priority-based active queue management for a high-performance IP switch
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Optimal packet classification applicable tothe OpenFlow context
Proceedings of the first edition workshop on High performance and programmable networking
Scalable packet classification on FPGA
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Hint-based cache design for reducing miss penalty in HBS packet classification algorithm
Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing
Improving the performance of port range check for network packet filtering
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
High-performance architecture for dynamically updatable packet classification on FPGA
ANCS '13 Proceedings of the ninth ACM/IEEE symposium on Architectures for networking and communications systems
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The process of categorizing packets into “flows” in an Internet router is called packet classification. All packets belonging to the same flow obey a predefined rule and are processed in a similar manner by the router. For example, all packets with the same source and destination IP addresses may be defined to form a flow. Packet classification is needed for non-best-effort services, such as firewalls and quality of service; services that require the capability to distinguish and isolate traffic in different flows for suitable processing. In general, packet classification on multiple fields is a difficult problem. Hence, researchers have proposed a variety of algorithms which, broadly speaking, can be categorized as basic search algorithms, geometric algorithms, heuristic algorithms, or hardware-specific search algorithms. In this tutorial we describe algorithms that are representative of each category, and discuss which type of algorithm might be suitable for different applications