Reliable computer systems (2nd ed.): design and evaluation
Reliable computer systems (2nd ed.): design and evaluation
Modeling Correlation in Software Recovery Blocks
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering - Special issue on software reliability
Reliability of majority voting based VLSI fault-tolerant circuits
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special issue on low-power design
Fault-tolerant computer system design
Fault-tolerant computer system design
Handbook of software reliability engineering
Handbook of software reliability engineering
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Computers and Intractability: A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness
Modeling and Testing a Critical Fault-Tolerant Multi-Process System
FTCS '95 Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing
Failure-Tolerant Sequential Machines with Past Information
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Reliability Modeling of Compensating Module Failures in Majority Voted Redundancy
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The Error Latency of a Fault in a Sequential Digital Circuit
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Fault Equivalence in Combinational Logic Networks
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Fault Folding for Irredundant and Redundant Combinational Circuits
IEEE Transactions on Computers
A Theoretical Basis for the Analysis of Multiversion Software Subject to Coincident Errors
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
ED4I: Error Detection by Diverse Data and Duplicated Instructions
IEEE Transactions on Computers - Special issue on fault-tolerant embedded systems
Heterogeneous networking: a new survivability paradigm
Proceedings of the 2001 workshop on New security paradigms
A Design Diversity Metric and Analysis of Redundant Systems
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Dependable Computing and Online Testing in Adaptive and Configurable Systems
IEEE Design & Test
Assessment of the Benefit of Redundant Systems
SAFECOMP '02 Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Computer Safety, Reliability and Security
Techniques for Estimation of Design Diversity for Combinational Logic Circuits
DSN '01 Proceedings of the 2001 International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (formerly: FTCS)
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC SYNTHESIS FOR DIVERSITY IN DUPLEX SYSTEMS
ITC '00 Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE International Test Conference
Diversity Techniques for Concurrent Error Detection
ISQED '01 Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on Quality Electronic Design
Finite State Machine Synthesis with Concurrent Error Detection
ITC '99 Proceedings of the 1999 IEEE International Test Conference
Efficient Design Diversity Estimation for Combinational Circuits
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Using negative correlation to evolve fault-tolerant circuits
ICES'03 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Evolvable systems: from biology to hardware
Evaluating the effectiveness of a mixed-signal TMR scheme based on design diversity
SBCCI '10 Proceedings of the 23rd symposium on Integrated circuits and system design
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Design diversity has long been used to protect redundantsystems against common-mode failures. The conventionalnotion of diversity relies on "independent" generation of"different" implementations. This concept is qualitativeand does not provide a basis to compare the reliabilities oftwo diverse systems. In this paper, for the first time, wepresent a metric to quantify diversity among severaldesigns. Based on this metric, we derive analyticalreliability models that show a simple relationship betweendesign diversity, system failure rate, and mission time. Inaddition, we present simulation results to demonstrate theeffectiveness of design diversity in Duplex and TripleModular Redundant (TMR) systems. For independentmultiple-module failures, we show that, mere use ofdifferent implementations does not always guarantee higherreliability compared to redundant systems with identicalimplementations - it is important to analyze thereliability of redundant systems using our metric. Forcommon-mode failures and design faults, there is asignificant gain in using different implementations -however, as our analysis shows, the gain diminishes as themission time increases. Our simulation results alsodemonstrate the usefulness of diversity for enhancing theself-testing properties of redundant systems.