Spill code minimization techniques for optimizing compliers
PLDI '89 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1989 Conference on Programming language design and implementation
On the Minimization of Loads/Stores in Local Register Allocation
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
Register allocation via hierarchical graph coloring
PLDI '91 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1991 conference on Programming language design and implementation
ACM Letters on Programming Languages and Systems (LOPLAS)
Network flows: theory, algorithms, and applications
Network flows: theory, algorithms, and applications
Register allocation via graph coloring
Register allocation via graph coloring
Improvements to graph coloring register allocation
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Optimal local register allocation for a multiple-issue machine
ICS '94 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Supercomputing
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Software pipelining showdown: optimal vs. heuristic methods in a production compiler
PLDI '96 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1996 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Optimal register assignment to loops for embedded code generation
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Spill code minimization via interference region spilling
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1997 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Low energy memory and register allocation using network flow
DAC '97 Proceedings of the 34th annual Design Automation Conference
Quality and speed in linear-scan register allocation
PLDI '98 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 1998 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Precise register allocation for irregular architectures
MICRO 31 Proceedings of the 31st annual ACM/IEEE international symposium on Microarchitecture
All structured programs have small tree width and good register allocation
Information and Computation
Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Linear-time register allocation for a fixed number of registers
Proceedings of the ninth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms
Linear scan register allocation
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
Fusion-based register allocation
ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems (TOPLAS)
A comment on index register allocation
Communications of the ACM
Optimal spilling for CISC machines with few registers
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2001 conference on Programming language design and implementation
Register allocation by priority-based coloring
SIGPLAN '84 Proceedings of the 1984 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction
Preference-directed graph coloring
PLDI '02 Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2002 Conference on Programming language design and implementation
Compiling with code-size constraints
Proceedings of the joint conference on Languages, compilers and tools for embedded systems: software and compilers for embedded systems
Live Range Splitting in a Graph Coloring Register Allocator
CC '98 Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Compiler Construction
Evaluation of Algorithms for Local Register Allocation
CC '99 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Compiler Construction, Held as Part of the European Joint Conferences on the Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS'99
Computational Combinatorial Optimization, Optimal or Provably Near-Optimal Solutions [based on a Spring School]
Register allocation & spilling via graph coloring
SIGPLAN '82 Proceedings of the 1982 SIGPLAN symposium on Compiler construction
Combining Register Allocation and Instruction Scheduling
Combining Register Allocation and Instruction Scheduling
Iterative-free program analysis
ICFP '03 Proceedings of the eighth ACM SIGPLAN international conference on Functional programming
A generalized algorithm for graph-coloring register allocation
Proceedings of the ACM SIGPLAN 2004 conference on Programming language design and implementation
A Progressive Register Allocator for Irregular Architectures
Proceedings of the international symposium on Code generation and optimization
Optimized interval splitting in a linear scan register allocator
Proceedings of the 1st ACM/USENIX international conference on Virtual execution environments
LCPC'05 Proceedings of the 18th international conference on Languages and Compilers for Parallel Computing
UCC: update-conscious compilation for energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Register allocation by puzzle solving
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN conference on Programming language design and implementation
Placement-and-routing-based register allocation for coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGPLAN-SIGBED conference on Languages, compilers, and tools for embedded systems
SSA Elimination after Register Allocation
CC '09 Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Compiler Construction: Held as Part of the Joint European Conferences on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2009
Register allocation deconstructed
Proceedings of th 12th International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded Systems
Towards update-conscious compilation for energy-efficient code dissemination in WSNs
ACM Transactions on Architecture and Code Optimization (TACO)
Progressive spill code placement
CASES '09 Proceedings of the 2009 international conference on Compilers, architecture, and synthesis for embedded systems
Proceedings of the 42nd Annual IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Microarchitecture
Register allocation with instruction scheduling for VLIW-architectures
Programming and Computing Software
Register loading via linear programming
WADS'11 Proceedings of the 12th international conference on Algorithms and data structures
Studying optimal spilling in the light of SSA
CASES '11 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Nearly optimal register allocation with PBQP
JMLC'06 Proceedings of the 7th joint conference on Modular Programming Languages
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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This paper describes a global progressive register allocator, a register allocator that uses an expressive model of the register allocation problem to quickly find a good allocation and then progressively find better allocations until a provably optimal solution is found or a preset time limit is reached. The key contributions of this paper are an expressive model of global register allocation based on multicommodity network flows that explicitly represents spill code optimization, register preferences, copy insertion, and constant rematerialization; two fast, but effective, heuristic allocators based on this model; and a more elaborate progressive allocator that uses Lagrangian relaxation to compute the optimality of its allocations. Our progressive allocator demonstrates code size improvements as large as 16.75% compared to a traditional graph allocator. On average, we observe an initial improvement of 3.47%, which increases progressively to 6.84% as more time is permitted for compilation.