Effectiveness and scaling trends of leakage control techniques for sub-130nm CMOS technologies

  • Authors:
  • Bhaskar Chatterjee;Manoj Sachdev;Steven Hsu;Ram Krishnamurthy;Shekhar Borkar

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada;Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR;Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR;Intel Corporation, Hillsboro, OR

  • Venue:
  • Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

This paper compares the effectiveness of different leakage control techniques in deep submicron (DSM) bulk CMOS technologies. Simulations show that the 3-5x increase in IOFF/mm per generation is offsetting the savings in switching energy obtained from technology scaling. We compare both the transistor IOFF reduction and ION degradation due to each technique for the 130nm-70nm technologies. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of leakage control techniques and the associated energy vs. delay tradeoffs depend on the ratio of switching to leakage energies for a given technology. We use our findings to design a 70nm low power word line driver scheme for a 256 entry, 64-bit register file (RF). As a result, the leakage (total) energy of the word line drivers is reduced by 3x(2.5x) and for the RF by up to 35%(25%) respectively.