Static scheduling of synchronous data flow programs for digital signal processing
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The ESTEREL synchronous programming language: design, semantics, implementation
Science of Computer Programming
Symbolic model checking for real-time systems
Information and Computation
Holistic schedulability analysis for distributed hard real-time systems
Microprocessing and Microprogramming - Parallel processing in embedded real-time systems
A process algebra of communicating shared resources with dense time and priorities
Theoretical Computer Science
FunState—an internal design representation for codesign
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Embedded Control Systems Development with Giotto
OM '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM SIGPLAN workshop on Optimization of middleware and distributed systems
Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications
Real-Time Systems: Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Hard Real-Time Computing Systems: Predictable Scheduling Algorithms and Applications
Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization
Embedded Multiprocessors: Scheduling and Synchronization
A real-time garbage collector with low overhead and consistent utilization
POPL '03 Proceedings of the 30th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT symposium on Principles of programming languages
Dynamic- and Static-priority Scheduling of Recurring Real-time Tasks
Real-Time Systems
Compositional Validation of Time-Critical Systems Using Communicating Time Petri Nets
IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering
A survey of processors with explicit multithreading
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Reliable and Precise WCET Determination for a Real-Life Processor
EMSOFT '01 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Embedded Software
Embedded Software in Network Processors - Models and Algorithms
EMSOFT '01 Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Embedded Software
Automatic Production of Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous Systems
EMSOFT '02 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Embedded Software
SPI: a system model for heterogeneously specified embedded systems
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Timing Anomalies in Dynamically Scheduled Microprocessors
RTSS '99 Proceedings of the 20th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium
Evaluation of the Traffic-Performance Characteristics of System-on-Chip Communication Architectures
VLSID '01 Proceedings of the The 14th International Conference on VLSI Design (VLSID '01)
Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach
Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach
Assigning Program and Data Objects to Scratchpad for Energy Reduction
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Writing Temporally Predictable Code
WORDS '02 Proceedings of the The Seventh IEEE International Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems (WORDS 2002)
DATE '03 Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
A General Framework for Analysing System Properties in Platform-Based Embedded System Designs
DATE '03 Proceedings of the conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe - Volume 1
Timing predictability of cache replacement policies
Real-Time Systems
The worst-case execution-time problem—overview of methods and survey of tools
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Cache modeling in probabilistic execution time analysis
Proceedings of the 45th annual Design Automation Conference
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Time-predictable memory arbitration for a Java chip-multiprocessor
JTRES '08 Proceedings of the 6th international workshop on Java technologies for real-time and embedded systems
Predictable programming on a precision timed architecture
CASES '08 Proceedings of the 2008 international conference on Compilers, architectures and synthesis for embedded systems
Communications of the ACM - Security in the Browser
Time-predictable computer architecture
EURASIP Journal on Embedded Systems - FPGA supercomputing platforms, architectures, and techniques for accelerating computationally complex algorithms
Microprocessors & Microsystems
Dataflow models for shared memory access latency analysis
EMSOFT '09 Proceedings of the seventh ACM international conference on Embedded software
A disruptive computer design idea: architectures with repeatable timing
ICCD'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Computer design
An appreciation of the work of Reinhard Wilhelm
Program analysis and compilation, theory and practice
A real-time Java chip-multiprocessor
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Robust non-preemptive hard real-time scheduling for clustered multicore platforms
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
SEUS'10 Proceedings of the 8th IFIP WG 10.2 international conference on Software technologies for embedded and ubiquitous systems
Branch target buffers: WCET analysis framework and timing predictability
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
Timing analysis and timing predictability
FMCO'04 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Formal Methods for Components and Objects
Static timing analysis for hard real-time systems
VMCAI'10 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation
CIPARSim: cache intersection property assisted rapid single-pass FIFO cache simulation technique
Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Design
The embedded systems design challenge
FM'06 Proceedings of the 14th international conference on Formal Methods
A hard real-time capable multi-core SMT processor
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Computation takes time, but how much?
Communications of the ACM
Building timing predictable embedded systems
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
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A large part of safety-critical embedded systems has to satisfy hard real-time constraints. These need sound methods and tools to derive run-time guarantees that are not only reliable but also precise. The achievable precision highly depends on characteristics of the target architecture, the implementation methods and system layers of the software. Trends in hardware and software design run contrary to predictability. This article describes threats to timing predictability of systems, and proposes design principles that support timing predictability. The ultimate goal is to design performant systems with sharp upper and lower bounds on execution times.