More than just a communication system: diversity in the use of electronic mail
CSCW '88 Proceedings of the 1988 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Evaluating video as a technology for informal communication
CHI '92 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Awareness and coordination in shared workspaces
CSCW '92 Proceedings of the 1992 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Media spaces: bringing people together in a video, audio, and computing environment
Communications of the ACM
Groupware and social dynamics: eight challenges for developers
Communications of the ACM
Supporting distributed groups with a Montage of lightweight interactions
CSCW '94 Proceedings of the 1994 ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Timespace in the workplace: dealing with interruptions
CHI '95 Conference Companion on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Email overload: exploring personal information management of email
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TeleNotes: managing lightweight interactions in the desktop
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All talk and all action: strategies for managing voicemail messages
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Social, individual and technological issues for groupware calendar systems
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Providing presence cues to telephone users
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Quiet calls: talking silently on mobile phones
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ConNexus to awarenex: extending awareness to mobile users
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Usability engineering: scenario-based development of human-computer interaction
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SCANMail: a voicemail interface that makes speech browsable, readable and searchable
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Designing attentive cell phone using wearable eyecontact sensors
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Taming of the ring: context specific social mediation for communication devices
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The character, functions, and styles of instant messaging in the workplace
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Taking email to task: the design and evaluation of a task management centered email tool
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Managing Long Term Communications: Conversation and Contact Management
HICSS '02 Proceedings of the 35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS'02)-Volume 4 - Volume 4
GI '07 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2007
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Unpacking the social dimension of external interruptions
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Lost in translation: investigating the ambiguity of availability cues in an online media space
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INTERACT '09 Proceedings of the 12th IFIP TC 13 International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction: Part I
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IASTED-HCI '07 Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Human Computer Interaction
Multitasking and monotasking: the effects of mental workload on deferred task interruptions
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Visual feedback: its effect on teleconferencing
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Telling calls: making informed call handling decisions
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The design and usage of tentative events for time-based social coordination in the enterprise
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Detecting driver phone use leveraging car speakers
MobiCom '11 Proceedings of the 17th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking
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Interruptions are a central aspect of working life. The prevalence of remote co-workers and the use of mobile technology mean that interruptions are more prevalent, and workers have to learn to manage availability. To understand general issues in availability management, we carried out a naturalistic study of how interruptions are handled in face-to-face situations. We found that availability management requires negotiation, that it is also highly dependent on awareness about the availability of others, and that it demands cognitive effort to shift attention to the interruption. On the basis of these observations, we developed a technology, named. The Negotiator, that embodies three main design requirements: (a) support for negotiation, (b) contextual information about when a recipient is available for a call, (c) lightweightness to reduce attention overhead. We carried out an experimental study of interruption management using this technology. The interface satisfied the original design requirements, that is, people, were able to use it effectively to negotiate times to talk, while successfully carrying out an intellectually demanding activity. Contrary to our expectations, however, people preferred to take responsibility for returning calls rather than delegating them, and they preferred to schedule calls as soon as possible rather than deferring them. We suggest that there are social reasons why people do this. They feel a social obligation to return calls as soon as possible so as not to inconvenience others and also to be responsible for making these calls themselves. They also take calls sooner to avoid having to remember future conversational commitments. We discuss the theoretical and technical implications of these findings.