Computer graphics
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Computer graphics: principles and practice (2nd ed.)
Issues in the automated generation of animated presentations
Proceedings on Graphics interface '90
Rapid controlled movement through a virtual 3D workspace
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Through-the-lens camera control
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
CINEMA: a system for procedural camera movements
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Automatic viewing control for 3D direct manipulation
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Semi-autonomous animated actors
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
CamDroid: a system for implementing intelligent camera control
I3D '95 Proceedings of the 1995 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Where Am I? What Am I Looking At?
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The virtual cinematographer: a paradigm for automatic real-time camera control and directing
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Task-sensitive cinematography interfaces for interactive 3D learning environments
IUI '98 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Intelligent multi-shot visualization interfaces for dynamic 3D worlds
IUI '99 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Generating coordinated natural language and 3D animations for complex spatial explanations
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Realtime constraint-based cinematography for complex interactive 3D worlds
AAAI '98/IAAI '98 Proceedings of the fifteenth national/tenth conference on Artificial intelligence/Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Student-sensitive multimodal explanation generation for 3D learning environments
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Expressive autonomous cinematography for interactive virtual environments
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
Virtual 3D camera composition from frame constraints
MULTIMEDIA '00 Proceedings of the eighth ACM international conference on Multimedia
Generating virtual camera compositions
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
A case study on automatic camera placement and motion for visualizing historical data
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '02
Programming Agent with Purposes: Application to Autonomous Shooting in Virtual Environment
ICVS '01 Proceedings of the International Conference on Virtual Storytelling: Using Virtual Reality Technologies for Storytelling
Using Communicative Acts to Plan the Cinematographic Structure of Animations
AI '02 Proceedings of the 15th Conference of the Canadian Society for Computational Studies of Intelligence on Advances in Artificial Intelligence
Modeling Camera Control with Constrained Hypertubes
CP '02 Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Principles and Practice of Constraint Programming
Active Image Capturing and Dynamic Scene Visualization by Cooperative Distributed Vision
AMCP '98 Proceedings of the First International Conference on Advanced Multimedia Content Processing
Sharing design perspectives through storytelling
Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing
Automatic video production of lectures using an intelligent and aware environment
Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimedia
Automatic cinematography and multilingual NLG for generating video documentaries
Artificial Intelligence
ShowMotion: camera motion based 3D design review
I3D '06 Proceedings of the 2006 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Real-time cinematic camera control for interactive narratives
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Automating the display of third person/stealth views of virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: 2004 workshop on VR design and evaluation
Proceedings of the 2008 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Toward intelligent support of authoring machinima media content: story and visualization
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on INtelligent TEchnologies for interactive enterTAINment
A knowledge-based moviemaking approach
AIKED'05 Proceedings of the 4th WSEAS International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Knowledge Engineering Data Bases
Complete, cinematic and expressive presentation in computer game
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on PErvasive Technologies Related to Assistive Environments
Virtual cinematography of group scenes using hierarchical lines of actions
Sandbox '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Motion overview of human actions
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
Towards a new camera model for X3D
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on 3D Web Technology
Automatic Animation Generation of a Teleoperated Robot Arm
Proceedings of the 2008 conference on ECAI 2008: 18th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence
Heuristics for continuity editing of cinematic computer graphics scenes
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games
Darshak: an intelligent cinematic camera planning system
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
A discourse planning approach to cinematic camera control for narratives in virtual environments
AAAI'05 Proceedings of the 20th national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Automatic cinematography and multilingual NLG for generating video documentaries
Artificial Intelligence
Neuronal editor agent for scene cutting in game cinematography
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - SPECIAL ISSUE: Games
Camera control in computer graphics: models, techniques and applications
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2009 Courses
Virtual cinematography director for interactive storytelling
Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Computer Enterntainment Technology
Comparing Effects of Different Cinematic Visualization Strategies on Viewer Comprehension
ICIDS '09 Proceedings of the 2nd Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling: Interactive Storytelling
Automated cinematic reasoning about camera behavior
Expert Systems with Applications: An International Journal
Extending models of conflict and intent dynamics in narrative-based virtual worlds
MMSys '10 Proceedings of the first annual ACM SIGMM conference on Multimedia systems
A constraint-based approach to camera path planning
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
Declarative camera planning roles and requirements
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
SG'03 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Smart graphics
Realtime generation of customized 3D animated explanations for knowledge-based learning environments
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
AAAI'97/IAAI'97 Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on artificial intelligence and ninth conference on Innovative applications of artificial intelligence
Towards affective camera control in games
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A real-time cinematography system for interactive 3D environments
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Cinematic street: automatic street view walk-through system using characteristics of modified maps
W2GIS'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Web and wireless geographical information systems
Towards adaptive virtual camera control in computer games
SG'11 Proceedings of the 11th international conference on Smart graphics
Virtual camera planning: a survey
SG'05 Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Smart Graphics
Modelling virtual camera behaviour through player gaze
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Automatic identification and generation of highlight cinematics for 3D games
Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Intelligent camera control using behavior trees
MIG'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Motion in Games
Automated camera planning to film robot operations
Artificial Intelligence Review
Semantic Mastering: content adaptation in the creative drama production workflow
Multimedia Tools and Applications
VSim: real-time visualization of 3D digital humanities content for education and collaboration
VAST'11 Proceedings of the 12th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage
DirectorNotation: Artistic and technological system for professional film directing
Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (JOCCH)
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Animations generated by interactive 3D computer graphics applications are typically portrayed either from a particular character's point of view or from a small set of strategically-placed viewpoints. By ignoring camera placement, such applications fail to realize important storytelling capabilities that have been explored by cinematographers for many years. In this paper, we describe several of the principles of cinematography and show how they can be formalized into a declarative language, called the Declarative Camera Control Language (OCCL). We describe the application of OCCL within the context of a simple interactive video game and argue that OCCL represents cinematic knowledge at the same level of abstraction as expert directors by encoding 16 idioms from a film textbook. These idioms produce compelling animations, as demonstrated on the accompanying videotape.