SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Rapid, stable fluid dynamics for computer graphics
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical methods for ordinary differential systems: the initial value problem
Numerical methods for ordinary differential systems: the initial value problem
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.): the art of scientific computing
Numerical solution of partial differential equations
Numerical solution of partial differential equations
Animating soft substances with implicit surfaces
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Realistic animation of liquids
Graphical Models and Image Processing
Modeling the motion of a hot, turbulent gas
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Numerical simulation in fluid dynamics: a practical introduction
Numerical simulation in fluid dynamics: a practical introduction
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Computational fluid dynamics in a traditional animation environment
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 1999 conference on Graphics interface '99
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Practical animation of liquids
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A practical model for subsurface light transport
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Dynamic simulation of splashing fluids
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
CGI '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Conference on Computer Graphics International
VG '03 Proceedings of the 2003 Eurographics/IEEE TVCG Workshop on Volume graphics
Particle-based fluid simulation for interactive applications
Proceedings of the 2003 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Sketches & Applications
Interactive blood simulation for virtual surgery based on smoothed particle hydrodynamics
Technology and Health Care
Rigid fluid: animating the interplay between rigid bodies and fluid
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Simulating water and smoke with an octree data structure
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
A method for animating viscoelastic fluids
ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Papers
Directable photorealistic liquids
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Multi-representation interaction for physically based modeling
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Animating gases with hybrid meshes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Meshless animation of fracturing solids
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Papers
Particle-based viscoelastic fluid simulation
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
A semi-Lagrangian contouring method for fluid simulation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Melting and Burning Solids into Liquids and Gases
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Point-based multiscale surface representation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Fluid animation with dynamic meshes
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Papers
Particle-based immiscible fluid-fluid collision
GI '06 Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2006
Animating viscous fluids in the multiphase field
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Research posters
Visual simulation of melting ice considering the natural convection
SIGGRAPH '05 ACM SIGGRAPH 2005 Sketches
Visual Simulation of Heat Shimmering and Mirage
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Modeling ice dynamics as a thin-film Stefan problem
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Finite volume flow simulations on arbitrary domains
Graphical Models
Driving object deformations from internal physical processes
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM symposium on Solid and physical modeling
Spring-Bead Animation of Viscoelastic Materials
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Animation of ice melting phenomenon based on thermodynamics with thermal radiation
Proceedings of the 5th international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australia and Southeast Asia
Two-way coupling of fluids to rigid and deformable solids and shells
ACM SIGGRAPH 2008 papers
Particle-based viscoplastic fluid/solid simulation
Computer-Aided Design
Detail preserving continuum simulation of straight hair
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Physically guided liquid surface modeling from videos
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 papers
Visual simulation of multiple unmixable fluids
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Non-smooth kernels for meshfree methods in fluid dynamics
Computers & Mathematics with Applications
Accurate tangential velocities for solid fluid coupling
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
Accurate viscous free surfaces for buckling, coiling, and rotating liquids
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
A particle-based method for viscoelastic fluids animation
Proceedings of the 16th ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology
CGIM '07 Proceedings of the Ninth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging
Dynamic local remeshing for elastoplastic simulation
ACM SIGGRAPH 2010 papers
Particle-based simulation of blood flow and vessel wall interactions in virtual surgery
Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Information and Communication Technology
The method for verifying correctness of the shape's changes calculation in the melting block of ice
ICCVG'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision and graphics: Part II
Eulerian solid simulation with contact
ACM SIGGRAPH 2011 papers
A simple finite volume method for adaptive viscous liquids
SCA '11 Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics Symposium on Computer Animation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2012 Conference Proceedings
Corotated SPH for deformable solids
NPH'09 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Natural Phenomena
A unified lagrangian approach to solid-fluid animation
SPBG'05 Proceedings of the Second Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
Versatile virtual materials using implicit connectivity
SPBG'06 Proceedings of the 3rd Eurographics / IEEE VGTC conference on Point-Based Graphics
Simulating liquids and solid-liquid interactions with lagrangian meshes
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Eulerian-on-lagrangian simulation
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
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We present a fast and stable system for animating materials that melt, flow, and solidify. Examples of real-world materials that exhibit these phenomena include melting candles, lava flow, the hardening of cement, icicle formation, and limestone deposition. We animate such phenomena by physical simulation of fluids --- in particular the incompressible viscous Navier-Stokes equations with free surfaces, treating solid and nearly-solid materials as very high viscosity fluids. The computational method is a modification of the Marker-and-Cell (MAC) algorithm in order to rapidly simulate fluids with variable and arbitrarily high viscosity. This allows the viscosity of the material to change in space and time according to variation in temperature, water content, or any other spatial variable, allowing different locations in the same continuous material to exhibit states ranging from the absolute rigidity or slight bending of hardened wax to the splashing and sloshing of water. We create detailed polygonal models of the fluid by splatting particles into a volumetric grid and we render these models using ray tracing with sub-surface scattering. We demonstrate the method with examples of several viscous materials including melting wax and sand drip castles.