Patterns of sharing customizable software
CSCW '90 Proceedings of the 1990 ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work
Determining information system usage: some issues and examples
Information and Management
Little engines that could: computing in small energetic countries
Communications of the ACM
Task-technology fit and individual performance
MIS Quarterly
Collaboration and collaborative information technologies: a review of the evidence
ACM SIGMIS Database - Special issue on infomration systems: current issues and future changes
The Pursuit of Organizational Intelligence: Decisions and Learning in Organizations
The Pursuit of Organizational Intelligence: Decisions and Learning in Organizations
Information technology and economic performance: A critical review of the empirical evidence
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Assessing User Competence: Conceptualization and Measurement
Information Systems Research
Information Systems Research
Constructing Interdependencies withCollaborative Information Technology
Computer Supported Cooperative Work
Coordinating Expertise in Software Development Teams
Management Science
IT Outsourcing Strategies: Universalistic, Contingency, and Configurational Explanations of Success
Information Systems Research
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special issue: Impacts of information technology investment on organizational performance
Journal of Management Information Systems - Special section: Strategic and competitive information systems
Reconceptualizing System Usage: An Approach and Empirical Test
Information Systems Research
Journal of Management Information Systems
The DeLone and McLean Model of Information Systems Success: A Ten-Year Update
Journal of Management Information Systems
Relating Collaborative Technology Use to Teamwork Quality and Performance: An Empirical Analysis
Journal of Management Information Systems
Value contribution of it in recruiting: a multi-national causal analysis
Proceedings of the special interest group on management information system's 47th annual conference on Computer personnel research
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Design Science Research in Information Systems and Technology
Collaborative conceptual modeling using an ontology
CRIWG'10 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Collaboration and technology
Managing culture creep: Toward a strategic model of user IT culture
The Journal of Strategic Information Systems
Improving the understanding of BAM technology for real-time decision support
International Journal of Business Information Systems
An agenda for 'Green' information technology and systems research
Information and Organization
Should I e-collaborate with this group? A multilevel model of usage intentions
Information and Management
Editor's comments: perspectives on time
MIS Quarterly
IS Avoidance in Health-Care Groups: A Multilevel Investigation
Information Systems Research
Predicting Collaboration Technology Use: Integrating Technology Adoption and Collaboration Research
Journal of Management Information Systems
Evaluating web conferencing tool effectiveness
Proceedings of the South African Institute of Computer Scientists and Information Technologists Conference on Knowledge, Innovation and Leadership in a Diverse, Multidisciplinary Environment
Identifying and Testing the Inhibitors of Technology Usage Intentions
Information Systems Research
Network effects in technology acceptance: Laboratory experimental evidence
International Journal of Information Management: The Journal for Information Professionals
Group-level effects of facilitating conditions on individual acceptance of information systems
Information Technology and Management - Special issue on New Theories and Methods for Technology Adoption Research
Information Systems Use: Construct conceptualization and scale development
Computers in Human Behavior
Acceptance of post-adoption unanticipated is usage: towards a taxonomy
ACM SIGMIS Database
Electronic Commerce Research and Applications
The Level Paradox of E-Collaboration: Dangers and Solutions
International Journal of e-Collaboration
A heuristic-systematic model of end-user information processing when encountering IS exceptions
Information and Management
MIS Quarterly
User expertise in contemporary information systems: Conceptualization, measurement and application
Information and Management
Impact of different conceptualisations of system use on Facebook continuance
International Journal of Web Based Communities
Investigating the success of operational business process management systems
Information Technology and Management
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The objective of this paper is to contribute to a deeper understanding of system usage in organizations by examining its multilevel nature. Past research on system usage has suffered from a levels bias, with researchers studying system usage at single levels of analysis only (e.g., the individual, group, or organizational level). Although single-level research can be useful, we suggest that studying organizations one level at a time will ultimately lead to an unnatural, incomplete, and very disjointed view of how information systems are used in practice. To redress this situation, we draw on recent advances in multilevel theory to present system usage as a multilevel construct and provide an illustration for what it takes for researchers to study it as such. The multilevel perspective advanced in this article offers rich opportunities for theoretical and empirical insights and suggests a new foundation for in-depth research on the nature of system usage, its emergence and change, and its antecedents and consequences.