Using planning techniques in intelligent tutoring systems
International Journal of Man-Machine Studies
Mathematical microworlds and intelligent computer-assisted instruction
Artificial intelligence and instruction: Applications and methods
STEAMER: An interactive, inspectable, simulation-based training system
Artificial intelligence and instruction: Applications and methods
Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge
Computer microworlds and reading: an analysis for their systematic application
Artificial intelligence and education; vol. 1: learning environments and tutoring systems
Qualitative models and intelligent learning environments
Artificial intelligence and education; vol. 1: learning environments and tutoring systems
Experimental data for the design of a microworld-based system for algebra
Learning Issues for Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Unified theories of cognition
Graphics and natural language as components of automatic explanation
Intelligent user interfaces
Explanation and interaction: the computer generation of explanatory dialogues
Explanation and interaction: the computer generation of explanatory dialogues
Automated discourse generation using discourse structure relations
Artificial Intelligence - Special volume on natural language processing
WIP: the automatic synthesis of multimodal presentations
Intelligent multimedia interfaces
The role of emotion in believable agents
Communications of the ACM
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Informational redundancy and resource bounds in dialogue
Informational redundancy and resource bounds in dialogue
Participating in explanatory dialogues: interpreting and responding to questions in context
Participating in explanatory dialogues: interpreting and responding to questions in context
A plan-based model for response generation in collaborative task-oriented dialogues
AAAI '94 Proceedings of the twelfth national conference on Artificial intelligence (vol. 1)
Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
Spoken natural language dialog systems: a practical approach
Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education
Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A computational theory of grounding in natural language conversation
A computational theory of grounding in natural language conversation
Meta-dialogue behaviors: improving the efficiency of human-machine dialogue
Meta-dialogue behaviors: improving the efficiency of human-machine dialogue
Planning-based control of interface animation
CHI '95 Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The sciences of the artificial (3rd ed.)
The pedagogical design studio: exploiting artifact-based task models for constructivist learning
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
The persona effect: affective impact of animated pedagogical agents
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Coherent gestures, locomotion, and speech in life-like pedagogical agents
IUI '98 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Increasing believability in animated pedagogical agents
AGENTS '97 Proceedings of the first international conference on Autonomous agents
The Architecture of Cognition
COLLAGEN: A Collaboration Manager for Software Interface Agents
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
A Framework for Intelligent Knowledge Sequencing and Task Sequencing
ITS '92 Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Focusing Problem Solving in Design-Centered Learning Environments
ITS '96 Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
The ALIVE system: full-body interaction with autonomous agents
CA '95 Proceedings of the Computer Animation
Generating natural language descriptions with integrated text and examples
Generating natural language descriptions with integrated text and examples
Interaction of discourse planning, instructional planning and dialogue management in an interactive tutoring system
Developing and empirically evaluating robust explanation generators: the KNIGHT experiments
Computational Linguistics
Generating explanatory captions for information graphics
IJCAI'95 Proceedings of the 14th international joint conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Coping with temporal constraints in multimedia presentation planning
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Dynamically sequencing an animated pedagogical agent
AAAI'96 Proceedings of the thirteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 1
Relational agents: a model and implementation of building user trust
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Proceedings of the 33nd conference on Winter simulation
Afterword: from this revolution to the next
Smart machines in education
An Evidential Model for Tracking Initiative in Collaborative Dialogue Interactions
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
An Approach to Mixed Initiative Spoken Information Retrieval Dialogue
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Natural Language Processing and User Modeling: Synergies and Limitations
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Lessons learned in modeling schizophrenic and depressed responsive virtual humans for training
Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Intelligent Virtual Agents for Education and Training: Opportunities and Challenges
IVA '01 Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Perceived Characteristics and Pedagogical Efficacy of Animated Conversational Agents
ITS '02 Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Mixed-Initiative Translation of Web Pages
AMTA '00 Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Association for Machine Translation in the Americas on Envisioning Machine Translation in the Information Future
Extending virtual humans to support team training in virtual reality
Exploring artificial intelligence in the new millennium
Proceedings of the 9th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces
Taking account of the user's view in 3D multimodal instruction dialogue
COLING '00 Proceedings of the 18th conference on Computational linguistics - Volume 1
Evaluating a Computational Model of Emotion
Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems
Special Education and Rehabilitation: Teaching and Healing with Interactive Graphics
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Intelligent agent supported personalization for virtual learning environments
Decision Support Systems
Bringing chatbots into education: Towards natural language negotiation of open learner models
Knowledge-Based Systems
On learner control in e-learning
Proceedings of the 13th Eurpoean conference on Cognitive ergonomics: trust and control in complex socio-technical systems
Psychological responses to simulated displays of mismatched emotional expressions
Interacting with Computers
Mentor agent: an intelligent virtual teacher for personalized learning environments
DIWEB'07 Proceedings of the 7th WSEAS international conference on Distance learning and web engineering
iCat, the chess player: the influence of embodiment in the enjoyment of a game
Proceedings of the 7th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems - Volume 3
ECSA '08 Proceedings of the 2nd European conference on Software Architecture
CAMELEON: A Generic Model of Embodied Conversational Agent for e-Learning Portals
Proceedings of the 2007 conference on Supporting Learning Flow through Integrative Technologies
Using Agents for Enhancing Learning Effects in an Advanced Discussion Forum
Proceedings of the 2006 conference on Learning by Effective Utilization of Technologies: Facilitating Intercultural Understanding
Towards a validated model of "emotional intelligence"
AAAI'06 proceedings of the 21st national conference on Artificial intelligence - Volume 2
Converting text into agent animations: assigning gestures to text
HLT-NAACL-Short '04 Proceedings of HLT-NAACL 2004: Short Papers
Affective interaction: How emotional agents affect users
International Journal of Human-Computer Studies
Can relaxation exercises improve learning?
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Animal Companion Approach to Fostering Students' Effort-Making Behaviors
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Bringing tabletop technologies to kindergarten children
Proceedings of the 23rd British HCI Group Annual Conference on People and Computers: Celebrating People and Technology
Modeling task-oriented discussion groups
UM'03 Proceedings of the 9th international conference on User modeling
Edutainment'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Technologies for e-learning and digital entertainment
Inclusive design of ambient knowledge transfer
ERCIM'06 Proceedings of the 9th conference on User interfaces for all
Lifelike pedagogical agents and affective computing: an exploratory synthesis
Artificial intelligence today
ARGarden: augmented edutainment system with a learning companion
Transactions on edutainment I
Towards personality-based user adaptation: psychologically informed stylistic language generation
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
My science tutor: A conversational multimedia virtual tutor for elementary school science
ACM Transactions on Speech and Language Processing (TSLP)
Relational agents improve engagement and learning in science museum visitors
IVA'11 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent virtual agents
Controlling user perceptions of linguistic style: Trainable generation of personality traits
Computational Linguistics
Robust recognition of emotion from speech
IVA'06 Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
Building Intelligent Interactive Tutors: Student-centered strategies for revolutionizing e-learning
A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion
Cognitive Systems Research
Intelligent Decision Technologies - Special issue on Multimedia/Multimodal Human-Computer Interaction in Knowledge-based Environments
User interactions with an affective nutritional coach
Interacting with Computers
Reliability-Based Dynamic Programming for E-Learning User Profile Assessment
International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education
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Mixed-initiative problem solving lies at the heart of knowledge-based learning environments. While learners are actively engaged in problem-solving activities, learning environments should monitor their progress and provide them with feedback in a manner that contributes to achieving the twin goals of learning effectiveness and learning efficiency. Mixed-initiative interactions are particularly critical for constructivist learning environments in which learners participate in active problem solving. We have recently begun to see the emergence of believable agents with lifelike qualities. Featured prominently in constructivist learning environments, lifelike pedagogical agents could couple key feedback functionalities with a strong visual presence by observing learners‘ progress and providing them with visually contextualized advice during mixed-initiative problem solving. For the past three years, we have been engaged in a large-scale research program on lifelike pedagogical agents and their role in constructivist learning environments. In the resulting computational framework, lifelike pedagogical agents are specified by (1) a behavior space containing animated and vocal behaviors,(2) a design-centered context model that maintains constructivist problem representations, multimodal advisory contexts, and evolving problem-solving tasks, and(3) a behavior sequencing engine that in realtime dynamically selects and assembles agents‘ actions to create pedagogically effective, lifelike behaviors. To empirically investigate this framework, it has been instantiated in a full-scale implementation of a lifelike pedagogical agent for Design-A-Plant, a learning environment developed for the domain of botanical anatomy and physiology for middle school students. Experience with focus group studies conducted with middle school students interacting with the implemented agent suggests that lifelike pedagogical agents hold much promise for mixed-initiative learning.