Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: networks of plausible inference
Probabilistic reasoning in intelligent systems: networks of plausible inference
A model for reasoning about persistence and causation
Computational Intelligence
Virtual reality, art, and entertainment
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Premier issue
Minstrel: a computer model of creativity and storytelling
Minstrel: a computer model of creativity and storytelling
Multi-level direction of autonomous creatures for real-time virtual environments
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
AAAI '99/IAAI '99 Proceedings of the sixteenth national conference on Artificial intelligence and the eleventh Innovative applications of artificial intelligence conference innovative applications of artificial intelligence
AGENTS '00 Proceedings of the fourth international conference on Autonomous agents
Toward the holodeck: integrating graphics, sound, character and story
Proceedings of the fifth international conference on Autonomous agents
Interacting with virtual characters in interactive storytelling
Proceedings of the first international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems: part 1
Artificial Intelligence
Simulation Approaches to General Probabilistic Inference on Belief Networks
UAI '89 Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
TEATRIX: Virtual Environment for Story Creation
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
DT Tutor: A Decision-Theoretic, Dynamic Approach for Optimal Selection of Tutorial Actions
ITS '00 Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Managing interaction between users and agents in a multi-agent storytelling environment
AAMAS '03 Proceedings of the second international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
An Intent-Driven Planner for Multi-Agent Story Generation
AAMAS '04 Proceedings of the Third International Joint Conference on Autonomous Agents and Multiagent Systems - Volume 1
System for authoring highly interactive, personality-rich interactive characters
SCA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation
Thespian: using multi-agent fitting to craft interactive drama
Proceedings of the fourth international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Proactive mediation in plan-based narrative environments
Lecture Notes in Computer Science
AI characters and directors for interactive computer games
IAAI'04 Proceedings of the 16th conference on Innovative applications of artifical intelligence
Tractable inference for complex stochastic processes
UAI'98 Proceedings of the Fourteenth conference on Uncertainty in artificial intelligence
An importance sampling algorithm based on evidence pre-propagation
UAI'03 Proceedings of the Nineteenth conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence
A domain-independent framework for modeling emotion
Cognitive Systems Research
Storytelling Ontology Model Using RST
IAT '06 Proceedings of the IEEE/WIC/ACM international conference on Intelligent Agent Technology
A globally optimal algorithm for TTD-MDPs
Proceedings of the 6th international joint conference on Autonomous agents and multiagent systems
Archetype-Driven Character Dialogue Generation for Interactive Narrative
IVA '08 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Foundations of Digital Games
Using influence and persuasion to shape player experiences
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games
Predicting User Psychological Characteristics from Interactions with Empathetic Virtual Agents
IVA '09 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents
Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education: Building Learning Systems that Care: From Knowledge Representation to Affective Modelling
Evaluation of a Drama Manager Agent for an Interactive Story-Based Game
ICIDS '09 Proceedings of the 2nd Joint International Conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling: Interactive Storytelling
A method for generating narrative discourse to prompt inferences
Proceedings of the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop
Rules of engagement: moving beyond combat-based quests
Proceedings of the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop
Investigating director agents' decision making in interactive narrative: a Wizard-of-Oz study
Proceedings of the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop
A framework for narrative adaptation in interactive story-based learning environments
Proceedings of the Intelligent Narrative Technologies III Workshop
Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on the Foundations of Digital Games
Towards personality-based user adaptation: psychologically informed stylistic language generation
User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction
Innovative integrated architecture for educational games: challenges and merits
Transactions on edutainment V
Annie: a tutor that works in digital games
ITS'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems - Volume Part II
Narrative-Centered tutorial planning for inquiry-based learning environments
ITS'06 Proceedings of the 8th international conference on Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Believable agents and intelligent story adaptation for interactive storytelling
TIDSE'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment
SRST: a storytelling model using rhetorical relations
TIDSE'06 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Technologies for Interactive Digital Storytelling and Entertainment
Director agent intervention strategies for interactive narrative environments
ICIDS'11 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Interactive Digital Storytelling
Transactions on Edutainment VII
Integrating learning, problem solving, and engagement in narrative-centered learning environments
International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education - Special issue on Best of ITS 2010
Proceedings of The 8th Australasian Conference on Interactive Entertainment: Playing the System
Say Anything: Using Textual Case-Based Reasoning to Enable Open-Domain Interactive Storytelling
ACM Transactions on Interactive Intelligent Systems (TiiS) - Special Issue on Common Sense for Interactive Systems
V3S, a virtual environment for risk management training
EGVE - JVRC'11 Proceedings of the 17th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & Third Joint Virtual Reality
A Robust Interactive Narrative Framework for Edutainment
International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies
NetworkING: using character relationships for interactive narrative generation
Proceedings of the 2013 international conference on Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems
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Recent years have seen significant growth in work on interactive storytelling environments. A key challenge posed by these environments is narrative planning, in which a director agent orchestrates all of the events in a storyworld to create an optimal experience for a user, who is herself an active participant in the unfolding story. To create effective stories, the director agent must cope with the task's inherent uncertainty, including uncertainty about the user's intentions and the absence of a complete theory of narrative. Director agents must be efficient so they can operate in real time. In this paper, we present U-Director, a decision-theoretic narrative planning architecture that dynamically models narrative objectives (e.g., plot progress, narrative flow), storyworld state (e.g., plot focus), and user state (e.g., goals, beliefs) with a dynamic decision network that continually selects storyworld actions to maximize narrative utility on an ongoing basis. The U-DIRECTOR architecture has been implemented in a narrative planner for Crystal Island, an interactive storyworld in which users play the role of a medical detective solving a science mystery. Preliminary evaluations suggest that the U-DIRECTOR architecture satisfies the real-time constraints of interactive environments and creates engaging narrative experiences.