Keyframe control of smoke simulations

  • Authors:
  • Adrien Treuille;Antoine McNamara;Zoran Popović;Jos Stam

  • Affiliations:
  • University of Washington;University of Washington;University of Washington;Alias|Wavefront

  • Venue:
  • ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
  • Year:
  • 2003

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Abstract

We describe a method for controlling smoke simulations through user-specified keyframes. To achieve the desired behavior, a continuous quasi-Newton optimization solves for appropriate "wind" forces to be applied to the underlying velocity field throughout the simulation. The cornerstone of our approach is a method to efficiently compute exact derivatives through the steps of a fluid simulation. We formulate an objective function corresponding to how well a simulation matches the user's keyframes, and use the derivatives to solve for force parameters that minimize this function. For animations with several keyframes, we present a novel multiple-shooting approach. By splitting large problems into smaller overlapping subproblems, we greatly speed up the optimization process while avoiding certain local minima.