Reality built for two: a virtual reality tool
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Towards image realism with interactive update rates in complex virtual building environments
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Visibility preprocessing for interactive walkthroughs
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Management of large amounts of data in interactive building walkthroughs
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Networked virtual environments
I3D '92 Proceedings of the 1992 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Visibility computations in densely occluded polyhedral environments
Visibility computations in densely occluded polyhedral environments
VRAIS '95 Proceedings of the Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS'95)
Language-level support for exploratory programming of distributed virtual environments
Proceedings of the 9th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Populating the Internet: supporting multiple users and shared applications with VRML
VRML '97 Proceedings of the second symposium on Virtual reality modeling language
Interactive simulation of fire in virtual building environments
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
NetEffect: a network architecture for large-scale multi-user virtual worlds
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Output-senstitive rendering and communication in dynamic virtual environments
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
DWTP—an Internet protocol for shared virtual environments
Proceedings of the third symposium on Virtual reality modeling language
A distributed 3D graphics library
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Geometric algorithms for message filtering in decentralized virtual environments
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Distributed Open Inventor: a practical approach to distributed 3D graphics
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Mu3D: a causal consistency protocol for a collaborative VRML editor
VRML '00 Proceedings of the fifth symposium on Virtual reality modeling language (Web3D-VRML)
Conservative visibility preprocessing using extended projections
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Inside MASSIVE-3: flexible support for data consistency and world structuring
Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Component framework infrastructure for virtual environments
Proceedings of the third international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the sixth international conference on 3D Web technology
Multi-user view-dependent rendering
Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '00
Multi-resolution spatial model for large-scale virtual environment
VRST '00 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
An abstraction for awareness management in collaborative virtual environments
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
An efficient synchronization mechanism for mirrored game architectures
NetGames '02 Proceedings of the 1st workshop on Network and system support for games
ATLAS: a scalable network framework for distributed virtual environments
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Interaction effects of virtual structures
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
Visibility-based interest management in collaborative virtual environments
Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Collaborative virtual environments
VRST '02 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
A multi-server architecture for distributed virtual walkthrough
VRST '02 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Dynamic Scene Occlusion Culling
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Locales: Supporting Large Multiuser Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Priority Scheduling for Networked Virtual Environments
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Adaptive partitioning for multi-server distributed virtual environments
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
ASIAN '02 Proceedings of the7th Asian Computing Science Conference on Advances in Computing Science: Internet Computing and Modeling, Grid Computing, Peer-to-Peer Computing, and Cluster
Communication Visibility in Shared Virtual Worlds
WET-ICE '97 Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Enabling Technologies on Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
Bringing People Together-An Infrastructure for Shared Virtual Worlds on the Internet
WET-ICE '97 Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Enabling Technologies on Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
Developing Social Virtual Worlds using NetEffect
WET-ICE '97 Proceedings of the 6th Workshop on Enabling Technologies on Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises
The blue-c distributed scene graph
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Distributed applications for collaborative three-dimensional workspaces
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - special issue: IEEE virtual reality 2002 conference
A Design and Evaluation of the Multi-User Virtual Environment Server System for the Digital Museum
TRON '96 Proceedings of the 13th TRON Project International Symposium
TRON '96 Proceedings of the 13th TRON Project International Symposium
A Network Communication Protocol for Distributed Virtual Environment Systems
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
Network Topologies for Scalable Multi-User Virtual Environments
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
Distributed Virtual Reality for Everyone -a Framework for Networked VR on the Internet
VRAIS '97 Proceedings of the 1997 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS '97)
Shared 3D environments within a virtual prototyping environment
WET-ICE '96 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshops on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WET ICE'96)
Citywalk: A Second Generation Walkthrough System
VSMM '01 Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Virtual Systems and Multimedia (VSMM'01)
A performance study on multi-server DVE systems
Information Sciences—Informatics and Computer Science: An International Journal - Special issue: Introduction to multimedia and mobile agents
A multi-user framework supporting video-based avatars
NetGames '03 Proceedings of the 2nd workshop on Network and system support for games
Portals: increasing visibility in virtual worlds
SCCG '03 Proceedings of the 19th spring conference on Computer graphics
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Proceedings of 3rd ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
Scalable peer-to-peer networked virtual environment
Proceedings of 3rd ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
End system multicast protocol for collaborative virtual environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: Advances in collaborative virtual environments
Seamlessly integrated distributed shared virtual environments
Proceedings of the 20th spring conference on Computer graphics
Using autonomous avatars to simulate a large-scale multi-user networked virtual environment
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
An adaptive network architecture for close-coupled collaboration in distributed virtual environments
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
Dynamic Interactions in Physically Realistic Collaborative Virtual Environments
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
On consistency and network latency in distributed interactive applications: a survey--part I
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Enabling scalability by partitioning virtual environments using frontier sets
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - Special issue: IEEE VR 2005
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
P2P Network for very large virtual environment
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Load balancing for massively multiplayer online games
NetGames '06 Proceedings of 5th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
Comparing interest management algorithms for massively multiplayer games
NetGames '06 Proceedings of 5th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
On correctness of scalable multi-server state replication in online games
NetGames '06 Proceedings of 5th ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network and system support for games
Multiplayer networked gaming with the session initiation protocol
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking - Special issue: Networking issues in entertainment computing
Components for Distributed Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
ATLAS: A Scalable Network Framework for Distributed Virtual Environments
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
A physically-based client-server rendering solution for mobile devices
Proceedings of the 6th international conference on Mobile and ubiquitous multimedia
SEMMO: a scalable engine for massively multiplayer online games
Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGMOD international conference on Management of data
A novel network architecture for crowded online environments
Sandbox '08 Proceedings of the 2008 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Video games
Perception-based filtering for MMOGs
International Journal of Computer Games Technology - Joint International Conference on Cyber Games and Interactive Entertainment 2006
XPERSim: A Simulator for Robot Learning by Experimentation
SIMPAR '08 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots
A Software System for Robotic Learning by Experimentation
SIMPAR '08 Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Simulation, Modeling, and Programming for Autonomous Robots
Multiplayer networked gaming with the session initiation protocol
Computer Networks: The International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications Networking
DS-RT '09 Proceedings of the 2009 13th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications
Virtual multiverse: interperception in multiple virtual universes
VECIMS'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems
Distributed visibility culling technique for complex scene rendering
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Consistency management for interactive peer-to-peer-based systems
Proceedings of the 3rd International ICST Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
Networked Graphics: Building Networked Games and Virtual Environments
Frontier sets in large terrains
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2010
Optimizing consistency by maximizing bandwidth usage in distributed interactive applications
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications (TOMCCAP)
Proceedings of the ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work
Addressing scalability issues in large-scale collaborative virtual environment
CGI'06 Proceedings of the 24th international conference on Advances in Computer Graphics
Real-Time streaming and rendering of terrains
ICVGIP'06 Proceedings of the 5th Indian conference on Computer Vision, Graphics and Image Processing
A dynamic message filtering technique for 3D cyberspaces
Computer Communications
GBLT-VG for High User Densities by User Group Behavior and Hot Point in MMO Virtual Environment
Journal of Network and Systems Management
Survey of state melding in virtual worlds
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
A scalable server for 3D metaverses
USENIX ATC'12 Proceedings of the 2012 USENIX conference on Annual Technical Conference
Remote view-dependent rendering
EGVE'01 Proceedings of the 7th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & 5th Immersive Projection Technology
Portals: aiding navigation in virtual museums
VAST'03 Proceedings of the 4th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
Interest management for distributed virtual environments: A survey
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
QuP: Graceful Degradation in State Propagation for DVEs
Proceedings of International Workshop on Massively Multiuser Virtual Environments
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This paper describes the client-server design, implementation and experimental results for a system that supports real-time visual interaction between a large number of users in a shared 3D virtual environment. The key feature of the system is that server-based visibility algorithms compute potential visual interactions between entities representing users in order to reduce the number of messages required to maintain consistent state among many workstations distributed across a wide-area network. When an entity changes state, update messages are sent only to workstations with entities that can potentially perceive the change—i.e., ones to which the update is visible. Initial experiments show a 40x decrease in the number of messages processed by client workstations during tests with 1024 entities interacting in a large densely occluded virtual environment.