An object-oriented 3D graphics toolkit
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Situated information spaces and spatially aware palmtop computers
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Knowledge-based augmented reality
Communications of the ACM - Special issue on computer augmented environments: back to the real world
Decoupled simulation in virtual reality with the MR toolkit
ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS)
The world through the computer: computer augmented interaction with real world environments
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
The virtual tricorder: a uniform interface for virtual reality
Proceedings of the 8th annual ACM symposium on User interface and software technology
Navigation and locomotion in virtual worlds via flight into hand-held miniatures
SIGGRAPH '95 Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCHI Conference on Human factors in computing systems
Moving objects in space: exploiting proprioception in virtual-environment interaction
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Using subjective views to enhance 3D applications
VRST '97 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Pick-and-drop: a direct manipulation technique for multiple computer environments
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
The metaDESK: models and prototypes for tangible user interfaces
Proceedings of the 10th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
mediaBlocks: physical containers, transports, and controls for online media
Proceedings of the 25th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Of Vampire mirrors and privacy lamps: privacy management in multi-user augmented environments
Proceedings of the 11th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Collaborative gaming in augmented reality
VRST '98 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Using transparent props for interaction with the virtual table
I3D '99 Proceedings of the 1999 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Augmented surfaces: a spatially continuous work space for hybrid computing environments
Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
Emancipated pixels: real-world graphics in the luminous room
Proceedings of the 26th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
IWAR '98 Proceedings of the international workshop on Augmented reality : placing artificial objects in real scenes: placing artificial objects in real scenes
Distributed Open Inventor: a practical approach to distributed 3D graphics
Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
An open software architecture for virtual reality interaction
VRST '01 Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
XML: The Annotated Specification
XML: The Annotated Specification
The Inventor Toolmaker: Extending Open Inventor, Release 2
The Inventor Toolmaker: Extending Open Inventor, Release 2
Collaborative Visualization in Augmented Reality
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
The MagicBookMoving Seamlessly between Reality and Virtuality
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Locales and Beacons: Efficient and Precise Support for Large Multi-User Virtual Environments
VRAIS '96 Proceedings of the 1996 Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium (VRAIS 96)
A Wearable Spatial Conferencing Space
ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Augment-able Reality: Situated Communication through Physical and Digital Spaces
ISWC '98 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Wearable Computers
Marker Tracking and HMD Calibration for a Video-Based Augmented Reality Conferencing System
IWAR '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality
Enveloping Users and Computers in a Collaborative 3D Augmented Reality
IWAR '99 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE and ACM International Workshop on Augmented Reality
Mobile Collaborative Augmented Reality
ISAR '01 Proceedings of the IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Augmented Reality (ISAR'01)
Construct3D: an augmented reality application for mathematics and geometry education
Proceedings of the tenth ACM international conference on Multimedia
The virtual showcase as a new platform for augmented reality digital storytelling
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Extending the working volume of projection-based mixed reality systems
EGVE '03 Proceedings of the workshop on Virtual environments 2003
Distributed applications for collaborative three-dimensional workspaces
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments - special issue: IEEE virtual reality 2002 conference
Location based applications for mobile augmented reality
AUIC '03 Proceedings of the Fourth Australasian user interface conference on User interfaces 2003 - Volume 18
Herding Sheep: Live System Development for Distributed Augmented Reality
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
WireAR-Legacy Applications in Augmented Reality
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Collaborative Work with Volumetric Data Using Augmented Reality Videoconferencing
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
ISMAR '03 Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Through the looking glass: the use of lenses as an interface tool for Augmented Reality interfaces
Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Remote collaboration using Augmented Reality Videoconferencing
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
DART: a toolkit for rapid design exploration of augmented reality experiences
Proceedings of the 17th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
Agents That Talk And Hit Back: Animated Agents in Augmented Reality
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Ubiquitous Tracking for Augmented Reality
ISMAR '04 Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Language-support system using character recognition
VRCAI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGGRAPH international conference on Virtual Reality continuum and its applications in industry
Designing augmented reality interfaces
ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics - Learning through computer-generated visualization
AUIC '05 Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian conference on User interface - Volume 40
Pr@senZ - P@CE: mobile interaction with virtual reality
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Human computer interaction with mobile devices & services
ISMAR '05 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Face to Face Collaborative AR on Mobile Phones
ISMAR '05 Proceedings of the 4th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Self-aware framework for adaptive augmented reality
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
A generic virtual reality software system's architecture and application
Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Augmented tele-existence
MonkeyBridge: autonomous agents in augmented reality games
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
How real should virtual characters be?
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM SIGCHI international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
Augmented reality in the character animation pipeline
ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Sketches
The invisible train: a collaborative handheld augmented reality demonstrator
SIGGRAPH '04 ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Emerging technologies
Augmented reality authoring: generic context from programmer to designer
OZCHI '06 Proceedings of the 18th Australia conference on Computer-Human Interaction: Design: Activities, Artefacts and Environments
A survey of software infrastructures and frameworks for ubiquitous computing
Mobile Information Systems
Viewing moving objects in virtual reality can change the dynamics of sensorimotor EEG rhythms
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Mathematics and geometry education with collaborative augmented reality
ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 conference abstracts and applications
Visuo-haptic collaborative augmented reality ping-pong
Proceedings of the international conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology
A review of telecollaboration technologies with respect to closely coupled collaboration
International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology
Simulating educational physical experiments in augmented reality
ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2008 educators programme
Ubiquitous animated agents for augmented reality
ISMAR '06 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Interactive context-driven visualization tools for augmented reality
ISMAR '06 Proceedings of the 5th IEEE and ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
Immersive authoring of Tangible Augmented Reality content: A user study
Journal of Visual Languages and Computing
Supporting the creation of hybrid museum experiences
Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems
6th Sense--- Toward a Generic Framework for End-to-End Adaptive Wearable Augmented Reality
Human Machine Interaction
Integrating usability engineering and software engineering in mixed reality system development
C3S2E '09 Proceedings of the 2nd Canadian Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering
Proceedings of the 2009 ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Video Games
Collaborative augmented reality for inorganic chemistry education
EE'08 Proceedings of the 5th WSEAS/IASME international conference on Engineering education
ComposAR: An intuitive tool for authoring AR applications
ISMAR '08 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
3D fiducials for scalable AR visual tracking
ISMAR '08 Proceedings of the 7th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality
A natural, tiered and executable UIDL for 3D user interfaces based on Concept-Oriented Design
ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI)
Achieving total immersion: technology trends behind augmented reality-a survey
SMO'09 Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Simulation, modelling and optimization
Proceedings of the 21st International Conference on Association Francophone d'Interaction Homme-Machine
Journal of Biomedical Informatics
UAHCI'07 Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Universal access in human-computer interaction: applications and services
Summary of usability evaluations of an educational augmented reality application
ICVR'07 Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Virtual reality
Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments
Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer Graphics, Virtual Reality, Visualisation and Interaction in Africa
A cross-platform framework for physics-based collaborative augmented reality
SG'10 Proceedings of the 10th international conference on Smart graphics
Augmented reality technologies, systems and applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Component-based middleware for distributed augmented reality applications
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Communication System Software and Middleware
C1x6: a stereoscopic six-user display for co-located collaboration in shared virtual environments
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Fast prototyping of virtual replica of real products
Proceedings of the 2011 international conference on Virtual and mixed reality: systems and applications - Volume Part II
AR-Room: a rapid prototyping framework for augmented reality applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Smart-phone augmented reality for public participation in urban planning
Proceedings of the 23rd Australian Computer-Human Interaction Conference
Visual immersive mathematics in 3D web
Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Virtual Reality Continuum and Its Applications in Industry
A context-aware and augmented reality-supported service framework in ubiquitous environments
EUC'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing
Handheld AR for collaborative edutainment
ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
Scalable architecture and content description language for mobile mixed reality systems
ICAT'06 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Advances in Artificial Reality and Tele-Existence
Towards massively multi-user augmented reality on handheld devices
PERVASIVE'05 Proceedings of the Third international conference on Pervasive Computing
Creation and visualization of context aware augmented reality interfaces
Proceedings of the International Working Conference on Advanced Visual Interfaces
Distributed mixed reality for remote underwater telerobotics exploration
Proceedings of the 2012 Virtual Reality International Conference
A survey of visual, mixed, and augmented reality gaming
Computers in Entertainment (CIE) - Theoretical and Practical Computer Applications in Entertainment
Collaborative interaction in co-located two-user scenarios
JVRC'09 Proceedings of the 15th Joint virtual reality Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Presenting an archaeological site in the virtual showcase
VAST'03 Proceedings of the 4th International conference on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage
Authoring of mixed reality applications including multi-marker calibration for mobile devices
EGVE'04 Proceedings of the Tenth Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Augmented reality interaction for semiautomatic volume classification
EGVE'05 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
Distributed software-based volume visualization in a virtual environment
EGVE'05 Proceedings of the 11th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments
VINS: shared memory space for definition of interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology
Photoportals: shared references in space and time
Proceedings of the 17th ACM conference on Computer supported cooperative work & social computing
Augmented interaction with physical books in an Ambient Intelligence learning environment
Multimedia Tools and Applications
An augmented reality-based authoring tool for E-learning applications
Multimedia Tools and Applications
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Our starting point for developing the Studierstube system was the belief that augmented reality, the less obtrusive cousin of virtual reality, has a better chance of becoming a viable user interface for applications requiring manipulation of complex three-dimensional information as a daily routine. In essence, we are searching for a 3-D user interface metaphor as powerful as the desktop metaphor for 2-D. At the heart of the Studierstube system, collaborative augmented reality is used to embed computer-generated images into the real work environment. In the first part of this paper, we review the user interface of the initial Studierstube system, in particular the implementation of collaborative augmented reality, and the Personal Interaction Panel, a two-handed interface for interaction with the system. In the second part, an extended Studierstube system based on a heterogeneous distributed architecture is presented. This system allows the user to combine multiple approaches-augmented reality, projection displays, and ubiquitous computing--to the interface as needed. The environment is controlled by the Personal Iteraction Panel, a two-handed, pen-and-pad interface that has versatile uses for interacting with the virtual environment. Studierstube also borrows elements from the desktop, such as multi-tasking and multi-windowing. The resulting software architecture is a user interface management system for complex augmented reality applications. The presentation is complemented by selected application examples.