A Characterization of Ten Hidden-Surface Algorithms
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Scan line methods for displaying parametrically defined surfaces
Communications of the ACM
Hidden surface removal using polygon area sorting
SIGGRAPH '77 Proceedings of the 4th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A parallel scan conversion algorithm with anti-aliasing for a general-purpose ultracomputer
SIGGRAPH '83 Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A hidden-surface algorithm with anti-aliasing
SIGGRAPH '78 Proceedings of the 5th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '84 Proceedings of the 11th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Real-time shaded NC milling display
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Image rendering by adaptive refinement
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Adaptive precision in texture mapping
SIGGRAPH '86 Proceedings of the 13th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
FRAMES: Software tools for modeling, rendering and animation of 3D scenes
SIGGRAPH '87 Proceedings of the 14th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
On the power of the frame buffer
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
T-buffer: fast visualization of relativistic effects in space-time
I3D '90 Proceedings of the 1990 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics
Rendering CSG models with a ZZ-buffer
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Comprehensible rendering of 3-D shapes
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The accumulation buffer: hardware support for high-quality rendering
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Particle animation and rendering using data parallel computation
SIGGRAPH '90 Proceedings of the 17th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
A polygonal approximation to direct scalar volume rendering
VVS '90 Proceedings of the 1990 workshop on Volume visualization
Drawing antialiased cubic spline curves
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
A new simple and efficient antialiasing with subpixel masks
Proceedings of the 18th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Three-dimensional medical imaging: algorithms and computer systems
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Visibility-ordering meshed polyhedra
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Interval arithmetic recursive subdivision for implicit functions and constructive solid geometry
SIGGRAPH '92 Proceedings of the 19th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The Image Chip for High Performance 3D Rendering
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
EXACT: algorithm and hardware architecture for an improved A-buffer
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Spatial anti-aliasing for animation sequences with spatio-temporal filtering
SIGGRAPH '93 Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Error-bounded antialiased rendering of complex environments
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hardware accelerated rendering of CSG and transparency
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Efficient algorithms for local and global accessibility shading
SIGGRAPH '94 Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hierarchical polygon tiling with coverage masks
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Talisman: commodity realtime 3D graphics for the PC
SIGGRAPH '96 Proceedings of the 23rd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Memory access patterns of occlusion-compatible 3D image warping
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
High quality rendering using the Talisman architecture
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Accommodating memory latency in a low-cost rasterizer
HWWS '97 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Visibility culling using hierarchical occlusion maps
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Hardware accelerated rendering of antialiasing using a modified a-buffer algorithm
Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Texture mapping 3D models of real-world scenes
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
An exact interactive time visibility ordering algorithm for polyhedral cell complexes
VVS '98 Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization
Z3: an economical hardware technique for high-quality antialiasing and transparency
HWWS '99 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Mixing translucent polygons with volumes
VIS '99 Proceedings of the conference on Visualization '99: celebrating ten years
Compositing 3-D rendered images
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Efficient alias-free rendering using bit-masks and look-up tables
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Fast spheres, shadows, textures, transparencies, and imgage enhancements in pixel-planes
SIGGRAPH '85 Proceedings of the 12th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
VVS '89 Proceedings of the 1989 Chapel Hill workshop on Volume visualization
Surfels: surface elements as rendering primitives
Proceedings of the 27th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Single-pass full-screen hardware accelerated antialiasing
HWWS '00 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
ZSWEEP: an efficient and exact projection algorithm for unstructured volume rendering
VVS '00 Proceedings of the 2000 IEEE symposium on Volume visualization
Adaptive Parallel Rendering on Multiprocessors and Workstation Clusters
IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems
A display system for the Stellar graphics supercomputer model GS1000
SIGGRAPH '88 Proceedings of the 15th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Image-based rendering of diffuse, specular and glossy surfaces from a single image
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques
The F-buffer: a rasterization-order FIFO buffer for multi-pass rendering
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
R-buffer: a pointerless A-buffer hardware architecture
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS workshop on Graphics hardware
Advanced computer vision and graphics collaboration techniques for image-based rendering
Imaging and vision systems
Resample hardware for 3D graphics
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH/EUROGRAPHICS conference on Graphics hardware
Hardware-accelerated point-based rendering of complex scenes
EGRW '02 Proceedings of the 13th Eurographics workshop on Rendering
Computer-assisted cel animation: post-processing after inbetweening
Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
Controlled Topology Simplification
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Converting Discrete Images to Partitioning Trees
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Spatial Transformations for Rapid Scan-Line Surface Shadowing
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Transparency and Antialiasing Algorithms Implemented with the Virtual Pixel Maps Technique
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Medical Imaging: Surface Mapping Brain Function on 3D Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Distance Field Manipulation of Surface Models
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Increasing the Apparent Addressability of Supersampling Grids
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Efficient Coverage Mask Generation for Antialiasing
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Out-Of-Core Rendering of Large, Unstructured Grids
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
Fast, low memory Z-buffering when performing medium-quality rendering
Journal of Graphics Tools
Voxel based object simplification
VIS '95 Proceedings of the 6th conference on Visualization '95
Delay streams for graphics hardware
ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Papers
High-Quality Point-Based Rendering on Modern GPUs
PG '03 Proceedings of the 11th Pacific Conference on Computer Graphics and Applications
A scientific visualization renderer
VIS '92 Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Visualization '92
Interactive Stereoscopic Rendering of Volumetric Environments
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Compressed multisampling for efficient hardware edge antialiasing
GI '04 Proceedings of the 2004 Graphics Interface Conference
Image-Space Visibility Ordering for Cell Projection Volume Rendering of Unstructured Data
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Proceedings of the 2005 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
Hardware-Assisted Visibility Sorting for Unstructured Volume Rendering
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
A Framework for Sample-Based Rendering with O-Buffers
Proceedings of the 14th IEEE Visualization 2003 (VIS'03)
Interactive global illumination in dynamic participating media using selective photon tracing
Proceedings of the 21st spring conference on Computer graphics
Interactive global illumination in dynamic participating media using selective photon tracing
Proceedings of the 21st spring conference on Computer graphics
Rayskip: faster ray tracing of implicit surface animations
GRAPHITE '05 Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques in Australasia and South East Asia
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)
Multi-fragment effects on the GPU using the k-buffer
Proceedings of the 2007 symposium on Interactive 3D graphics and games
A consistency-free memory architecture for sort-last parallel rendering processors
Journal of Systems Architecture: the EUROMICRO Journal
ACM SIGGRAPH 2007 sketches
Interactive sound rendering in complex and dynamic scenes using frustum tracing
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
Partial visibility for stylized lines
NPAR '08 Proceedings of the 6th international symposium on Non-photorealistic animation and rendering
Random-access rendering of general vector graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2008 papers
A Scalable Parallel Software Volume Rendering Algorithm for Large-Scale Unstructured Data
ICCS '07 Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Computational Science, Part I: ICCS 2007
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Digital Modeling of Material Appearance
Efficient depth peeling via bucket sort
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Graphics 2009
A directionally adaptive edge anti-aliasing filter
Proceedings of the Conference on High Performance Graphics 2009
Ray casting of multiple volumetric datasets with polyhedral boundaries on manycore GPUs
ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2009 papers
A survey of point-based techniques in computer graphics
Computers and Graphics
ACM SIGGRAPH 2009 Courses
FreePipe: a programmable parallel rendering architecture for efficient multi-fragment effects
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Proceedings of the 2010 ACM SIGGRAPH symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Employing dynamic transparency for 3D occlusion management: design issues and evaluation
INTERACT'07 Proceedings of the 11th IFIP TC 13 international conference on Human-computer interaction
Multi-layered framebuffer condensation: the l-buffer concept
ICCVG'10 Proceedings of the 2010 international conference on Computer vision and graphics: Part II
Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on High Performance Graphics
Proceedings of the 2011 SIGGRAPH Asia Conference
Technical Section: A survey of raster-based transparency techniques
Computers and Graphics
Fast global illumination baking via ray-bundles
SIGGRAPH Asia 2011 Sketches
A processor architecture with effective memory system for sort-last parallel rendering
ARCS'06 Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Architecture of Computing Systems
An efficient point rendering using octree and texture lookup
ICCSA'05 Proceedings of the 2005 international conference on Computational Science and Its Applications - Volume Part III
Real-time bidirectional path tracing via rasterization
I3D '12 Proceedings of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Multi-layer illustrative dense flow visualization
Computer Graphics Forum
Sparse PDF maps for non-linear multi-resolution image operations
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Depth-presorted triangle lists
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - Proceedings of ACM SIGGRAPH Asia 2012
Stratified sampling for stochastic transparency
EGSR'11 Proceedings of the Twenty-second Eurographics conference on Rendering
Bixels: picture samples with sharp embedded boundaries
EGSR'04 Proceedings of the Fifteenth Eurographics conference on Rendering Techniques
Fragment-parallel composite and filter
EGSR'10 Proceedings of the 21st Eurographics conference on Rendering
Real-time concurrent linked list construction on the GPU
EGSR'10 Proceedings of the 21st Eurographics conference on Rendering
Representing appearance and pre-filtering subpixel data in sparse voxel octrees
EGGH-HPG'12 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM SIGGRAPH / Eurographics conference on High-Performance Graphics
Shadow penumbras for complex objects by depth-dependent filtering of multi-layer depth images
EGWR'99 Proceedings of the 10th Eurographics conference on Rendering
Short paper: approximating distance fields in image space
EGVE - JVRC'10 Proceedings of the 16th Eurographics conference on Virtual Environments & Second Joint Virtual Reality
An architecture for interactive tetrahedral volume rendering
VG'01 Proceedings of the 2001 Eurographics conference on Volume Graphics
Combining Z-buffer engines for higher-speed rendering
EGGH'88 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware
A VLSI architecture for image composition
EGGH'88 Proceedings of the Third Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware
Towards a taxonomy for display processors
EGGH'89 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware
A VLSI architecture for anti-aliasing
EGGH'89 Proceedings of the Fourth Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware
The AIDA display processor system architecture
EGGH'90 Proceedings of the Fifth Eurographics conference on Advances in Computer Graphics Hardware: rendering, ray tracing and visualization systems
A4: asynchronous adaptive anti-aliasing using shared memory
ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) - SIGGRAPH 2013 Conference Proceedings
k+-buffer: fragment synchronized k-buffer
Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
Proceedings of the 18th meeting of the ACM SIGGRAPH Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics and Games
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The A-buffer (anti-aliased, area-averaged, accumulation buffer) is a general hidden surface mechanism suited to medium scale virtual memory computers. It resolves visibility among an arbitrary collection of opaque, transparent, and intersecting objects. Using an easy to compute Fourier window (box filter), it increases the effective image resolution many times over the Z-buffer, with a moderate increase in cost. The A-buffer is incorporated into the REYES 3-D rendering system at Lucasfilm and was used successfully in the “Genesis Demo” sequence in Star Trek II.