Parallel implementations of the statistical cooling algorithm
Integration, the VLSI Journal
AIP Conference Proceedings 151 on Neural Networks for Computing
Standard cell placement using simulated sintering
DAC '87 Proceedings of the 24th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
ESP: a new standard cell placement package using simulated evolution
DAC '87 Proceedings of the 24th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Genetic Algorithms on Genetic algorithms and their application
A study of permutation crossover operators on the traveling salesman problem
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Genetic Algorithms on Genetic algorithms and their application
Cooling schedules for optimal annealing
Mathematics of Operations Research
Simulated annealing: theory and applications
Simulated annealing: theory and applications
An analytic optimization technique for placement of macro-cells
DAC '89 Proceedings of the 26th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
Adaptation in natural and artificial systems
DAC '88 Proceedings of the 25th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Performance of a new annealing schedule
DAC '88 Proceedings of the 25th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Clustering based simulated annealing for standard cell placement
DAC '88 Proceedings of the 25th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
An analytical algorithm for placement of arbitrarily sized rectangular blocks
DAC '85 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Near-optimal placement using a quadratic objective function
DAC '85 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Experiments with simulated annealing
DAC '85 Proceedings of the 22nd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
TimberWolf3.2: a new standard cell placement and global routing package
DAC '86 Proceedings of the 23rd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Automatic placement a review of current techniques (tutorial session)
DAC '86 Proceedings of the 23rd ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
The Generation of Minimal Trees with a Steiner Topology
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
AllelesLociand the Traveling Salesman Problem
Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Genetic Algorithms
Automatic placement algorithms for high packing density V L S I
DAC '83 Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference
A placement algorithm for array processors
DAC '83 Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference
Linear ordering and application to placement
DAC '83 Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference
Placement of circuit modules using a graph space approach
DAC '83 Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference
Heuristics for the Circuit Realization Problem
DAC '83 Proceedings of the 20th Design Automation Conference
Performance of algorithms for initial placement
DAC '84 Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference
Optimization techniques for two-dimensional placement
DAC '84 Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference
Combine and top down block placement algorithm for hierarchical logic VLSI layout
DAC '84 Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference
Initial placement of gate arrays using least-squares methods
DAC '84 Proceedings of the 21st Design Automation Conference
On the use of the linear assignment algorithm in module placement
DAC '81 Proceedings of the 18th Design Automation Conference
The complexity of design automation problems
DAC '80 Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference
Complexity theory and design automation
DAC '80 Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference
Efficient placement and routing techniques for master slice LSI
DAC '80 Proceedings of the 17th Design Automation Conference
Some experimental results on placement techniques
DAC '76 Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference
LTX - a system for the directed automatic design of LSI circuits
DAC '76 Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference
A 2-dimensional placement algorithm for the layout of electrical circuits.
DAC '76 Proceedings of the 13th Design Automation Conference
A proper model for the partitioning of electrical circuits
DAC '72 Proceedings of the 9th Design Automation Workshop
The placement problem as viewed from the physics of classical mechanics
DAC '75 Proceedings of the 12th Design Automation Conference
A class of min-cut placement algorithms
DAC '77 Proceedings of the 14th Design Automation Conference
A linear-time heuristic for improving network partitions
DAC '82 Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference
A placement algorithm for polycell LSI and ITS evaluation
DAC '82 Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference
A combined force and cut algorithm for hierarchical VLSI layout
DAC '82 Proceedings of the 19th Design Automation Conference
A min-cut placement algorithm for general cell assemblies based on a graph representation
DAC '79 Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference
A placement capability based on partitioning
DAC '79 Proceedings of the 16th Design Automation Conference
Fast heuristic techniques for placing and wiring printed circuit boards
Fast heuristic techniques for placing and wiring printed circuit boards
Placement and routing algorithms for hierarchical integrated circuit layout
Placement and routing algorithms for hierarchical integrated circuit layout
Use of a quadratic objective function for the placement problem in vlsi design (eigenvector, cad(computer-aided design, optimization, automation)
An efficient placement method for large standard-cell and sea-of-gates designs
EURO-DAC '90 Proceedings of the conference on European design automation
A genetic algorithm for macro cell placement
EURO-DAC '92 Proceedings of the conference on European design automation
Wolverines: standard cell placement on a network of workstations
EURO-DAC '92 Proceedings of the conference on European design automation
The reproducing placement problem with applications
ICCAD '94 Proceedings of the 1994 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Evolutionary learning of graph layout constraints from examples
UIST '94 Proceedings of the 7th annual ACM symposium on User interface software and technology
New faster Kernighan-Lin-type graph-partitioning algorithms
ICCAD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Partitioning-based standard-cell global placement with an exact objective
Proceedings of the 1997 international symposium on Physical design
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Trading quality for compile time: ultra-fast placement for FPGAs
FPGA '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/SIGDA seventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
On the behavior of congestion minimization during placement
ISPD '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Physical design
Runtime and quality tradeoffs in FPGA placement and routing
FPGA '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM/SIGDA ninth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A performance-driven standard-cell placer based on a modified force-directed algorithm
Proceedings of the 2001 international symposium on Physical design
Reconfigurable computing: a survey of systems and software
ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR)
Fast placement approaches for FPGAs
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Hardware-assisted simulated annealing with application for fast FPGA placement
FPGA '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/SIGDA eleventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Engineering a scalable placement heuristic for DNA probe arrays
RECOMB '03 Proceedings of the seventh annual international conference on Research in computational molecular biology
Fuzzy simulated evolution algorithm for VLSI cell placement
Computers and Industrial Engineering - Special issue: Focussed issue on applied meta-heuristics
Border Length Minimization in DNA Array Design
WABI '02 Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics
Gravity: Fast placement for 3-D VLSI
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Recursive Bipartitioning of Signal Flow Graphs for Programmable Video Signal Processors
EDTC '96 Proceedings of the 1996 European conference on Design and Test
Clock-Skew Constrained Cell Placement
VLSID '96 Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on VLSI Design: VLSI in Mobile Communication
VLSID '97 Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on VLSI Design: VLSI in Multimedia Applications
GASP: a Genetic Algorithm for Standard cell Placement
EURO-DAC '90 Proceedings of the conference on European design automation
Challenges in graph-based relational data visualization
CASCON '92 Proceedings of the 1992 conference of the Centre for Advanced Studies on Collaborative research - Volume 1
Evaluation of Placement Techniques for DNA Probe Array Layout
Proceedings of the 2003 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Evolutionary Computation - Special issue on magnetic algorithms
Incorporating fuzzy knowledge into fitness: multiobjective evolutionary 3D design of process plants
GECCO '05 Proceedings of the 7th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation
Optimal placement by branch-and-price
Proceedings of the 2005 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation Conference
Wirelength optimization by optimal block orientation
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Design and verification of high-speed VLSI physical design
Journal of Computer Science and Technology
Integrated floorplanning, module-selection, and architecture generation for reconfigurable devices
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
A back-end compiler with fast compilation for VLIW based dynamic reconfigurable processor
WSEAS Transactions on Computers
Automatic placement of micropipeline standard cells
WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems
ICCOMP'08 Proceedings of the 12th WSEAS international conference on Computers
Configuration Sharing to Reduce Reconfiguration Overhead Using Static Partial Reconfiguration
IEICE - Transactions on Information and Systems
Reconfigurable Computing: The Theory and Practice of FPGA-Based Computation
Reconfigurable Computing: The Theory and Practice of FPGA-Based Computation
IWANN '09 Proceedings of the 10th International Work-Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: Part I: Bio-Inspired Systems: Computational and Ambient Intelligence
FPGA placement using space-filling curves: Theory meets practice
ACM Transactions on Embedded Computing Systems (TECS)
Discrete cooperative particle swarm optimization for FPGA placement
Applied Soft Computing
Hardware accelerated FPGA placement
Microelectronics Journal
Improving simulated annealing-based FPGA placement with directed moves
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
A modified noising algorithm for the graph partitioning problem
Integration, the VLSI Journal
Optimal RFID networks scheduling using genetic algorithm and swarm intelligence
SMC'09 Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE international conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics
An approach based on BDI architecture for space occupation
CIT'09 Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Communications and information technology
A constraint decomposition method for spatio-temporal configuration problems
AAAI'93 Proceedings of the eleventh national conference on Artificial intelligence
StarPlace: A new analytic method for FPGA placement
Integration, the VLSI Journal
Multithreaded memetic algorithm for VLSI placement problem
SEMCCO'11 Proceedings of the Second international conference on Swarm, Evolutionary, and Memetic Computing - Volume Part I
Multiobjective layout optimization of robotic cellular manufacturing systems
Computers and Industrial Engineering
An adaptive evolutionary approach for real-time vehicle routing and dispatching
Computers and Operations Research
Artificial bee colony for the standard cell placement problem
International Journal of Metaheuristics
Cell assignment in hybrid CMOS/nanodevices architecture using Tabu Search
Applied Intelligence
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VLSI cell placement problem is known to be NP complete. A wide repertoire of heuristic algorithms exists in the literature for efficiently arranging the logic cells on a VLSI chip. The objective of this paper is to present a comprehensive survey of the various cell placement techniques, with emphasis on standard cell and macro placement. Five major algorithms for placement are discussed: simulated annealing, force-directed placement, min-cut placement, placement by numerical optimization, and evolution-based placement. The first two classes of algorithms owe their origin to physical laws, the third and fourth are analytical techniques, and the fifth class of algorithms is derived from biological phenomena. In each category, the basic algorithm is explained with appropriate examples. Also discussed are the different implementations done by researchers.