DAC '90 Proceedings of the 27th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Field-programmable gate arrays
Field-programmable gate arrays
Revisiting the cascade circuit in logic cells of lookup table based FPGAs
FPGA '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM third international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Architecture of centralized field-configurable memory
FPGA '95 Proceedings of the 1995 ACM third international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Orthogonal greedy coupling: a new optimization approach to 2-D FPGA routing
DAC '95 Proceedings of the 32nd annual ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference
Universal switch modules for FPGA design
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Digital integrated circuits: a design perspective
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM fourth international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Universal switch-module design for symmetric-array-based FPGAs
Proceedings of the 1996 ACM fourth international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Architecture and routability analysis for row-based FPGAs
ICCAD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Switch module design with application to two-dimensional segmentation design
ICCAD '93 Proceedings of the 1993 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
A novel predictable segmented FPGA routing architecture
FPGA '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Efficiently supporting fault-tolerance in FPGAs
FPGA '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
SMAP: heterogeneous technology mapping for area reduction in FPGAs with embedded memory arrays
FPGA '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Technology mapping for FPGAs with embedded memory blocks
FPGA '98 Proceedings of the 1998 ACM/SIGDA sixth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Delay-optimal technology mapping for FPGAs with heterogeneous LUTs
DAC '98 Proceedings of the 35th annual Design Automation Conference
FPGA routing architecture: segmentation and buffering to optimize speed and density
FPGA '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/SIGDA seventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
HSRA: high-speed, hierarchical synchronous reconfigurable array
FPGA '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/SIGDA seventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A reconfigurable arithmetic array for multimedia applications
FPGA '99 Proceedings of the 1999 ACM/SIGDA seventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
The design of a low energy FPGA
ISLPED '99 Proceedings of the 1999 international symposium on Low power electronics and design
A Survey of Microcellular Research
Journal of the ACM (JACM)
The effect of LUT and cluster size on deep-submicron FPGA performance and density
FPGA '00 Proceedings of the 2000 ACM/SIGDA eighth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
High-performance carry chains for FPGA's
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems
Using sparse crossbars within LUT
FPGA '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM/SIGDA ninth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Mixing buffers and pass transistors in FPGA routing architectures
FPGA '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM/SIGDA ninth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
The case for registered routing switches in field programmable gate arrays
FPGA '01 Proceedings of the 2001 ACM/SIGDA ninth international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Interconnect enhancements for a high-speed PLD architecture
FPGA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/SIGDA tenth international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Circuit design of routing switches
FPGA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/SIGDA tenth international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
FPGA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/SIGDA tenth international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Dynamic power consumption in Virtex™-II FPGA family
FPGA '02 Proceedings of the 2002 ACM/SIGDA tenth international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
SLIP '02 Proceedings of the 2002 international workshop on System-level interconnect prediction
Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
Architecture and CAD for Deep-Submicron FPGAs
The stratixπ routing and logic architecture
FPGA '03 Proceedings of the 2003 ACM/SIGDA eleventh international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
An FPGA for Implementing Asynchronous Circuits
IEEE Design & Test
FPGA and CPLD Architectures: A Tutorial
IEEE Design & Test
Minimizing FPGA Interconnect Delays
IEEE Design & Test
How Much Logic Should Go in an FPGA Logic Block?
IEEE Design & Test
The Hybrid Field-Programmable Architecture
IEEE Design & Test
An architectural exploration of via patterned gate arrays
Proceedings of the 2003 international symposium on Physical design
Routing Architectures for Hierarchical Field Programmable Gate Arrays
ICCS '94 Proceedings of the1994 IEEE International Conference on Computer Design: VLSI in Computer & Processors
Design of Switching Blocks Tolerating Defects/Faults in FPGA Interconnection Resources
DFT '00 Proceedings of the 15th IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault-Tolerance in VLSI Systems
A New Switch Block for Segmented FPGAs
FPL '99 Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Analytical Framework for Switch Block Design
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
Implementing Asynchronous Circuits on LUT Based FPGAs
FPL '02 Proceedings of the Reconfigurable Computing Is Going Mainstream, 12th International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
FPL '95 Proceedings of the 5th International Workshop on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications
RaPiD - Reconfigurable Pipelined Datapath
FPL '96 Proceedings of the 6th International Workshop on Field-Programmable Logic, Smart Applications, New Paradigms and Compilers
A hybrid ASIC and FPGA architecture
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Molecular electronics: devices, systems and tools for gigagate, gigabit chips
Proceedings of the 2002 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
PCA-1: A Fully Asynchronous, Self-Reconfigurable LSI
ASYNC '01 Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Asynchronous Circuits and Systems
Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach
Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach
Architectures and algorithms for field-programmable gate arrays with embedded memory
Architectures and algorithms for field-programmable gate arrays with embedded memory
The SFRA: a corner-turn FPGA architecture
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Evaluation of low-leakage design techniques for field programmable gate arrays
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Nanowire-based sublithographic programmable logic arrays
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Highly pipelined asynchronous FPGAs
FPGA '04 Proceedings of the 2004 ACM/SIGDA 12th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Design methodology and tools for NEC electronics' structured ASIC ISSP
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Physical design
Design considerations for regular fabrics
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Physical design
Structured ASIC, evolution or revolution?
Proceedings of the 2004 international symposium on Physical design
Design of Interconnection Networks for Programmable Logic
Design of Interconnection Networks for Programmable Logic
An Asynchronous Dataflow FPGA Architecture
IEEE Transactions on Computers
Technology mapping and architecture evalution for k/m-macrocell-based FPGAs
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
The Stratix II logic and routing architecture
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
HARP: hard-wired routing pattern FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Design of programmable interconnect for sublithographic programmable logic arrays
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Power modeling and architecture evaluation for FPGA with novel circuits for Vdd programmability
Proceedings of the 2005 ACM/SIGDA 13th international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Column-Based Precompiled Configuration Techniques for FPGA
FCCM '01 Proceedings of the the 9th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
Exploring technology alternatives for nano-scale FPGA interconnects
Proceedings of the 42nd annual Design Automation Conference
Soft Errors in Advanced Computer Systems
IEEE Design & Test
Nanowire-based programmable architectures
ACM Journal on Emerging Technologies in Computing Systems (JETC)
Vdd programmability to reduce FPGA interconnect power
Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
Embedded floating-point units in FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Measuring the gap between FPGAs and ASICs
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
FPGA clock network architecture: flexibility vs. area and power
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
A reconfigurable architecture for hybrid CMOS/Nanodevice circuits
Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/SIGDA 14th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
FPGA device and architecture evaluation considering process variations
ICCAD '05 Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE/ACM International conference on Computer-aided design
An adaptive FPGA architecture with process variation compensation and reduced leakage
Proceedings of the 43rd annual Design Automation Conference
Virtual Embedded Blocks: A Methodology for Evaluating Embedded Elements in FPGAs
FCCM '06 Proceedings of the 14th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
A routing fabric for monolithically stacked 3D-FPGA
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Variation-aware routing for FPGAs
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Performance and yield enhancement of FPGAs with within-die variation using multiple configurations
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Parametric yield in FPGAs due to within-die delay variations: a quantitative analysis
Proceedings of the 2007 ACM/SIGDA 15th international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
SEU mitigation for sram-based fpgas through dynamic partial reconfiguration
Proceedings of the 17th ACM Great Lakes symposium on VLSI
Studying a GALS FPGA architecture using a parameterized automatic design flow
Proceedings of the 2006 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided design
Moats and Drawbridges: An Isolation Primitive for Reconfigurable Hardware Based Systems
SP '07 Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
Assessing carbon nanotube bundle interconnect for future FPGA architectures
Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in Europe
Single-event-upset (SEU) awareness in FPGA routing
Proceedings of the 44th annual Design Automation Conference
FPGA Design Automation: A Survey
Foundations and Trends in Electronic Design Automation
A Structural Object Programming Model, Architecture, Chip and Tools for Reconfigurable Computing
FCCM '07 Proceedings of the 15th Annual IEEE Symposium on Field-Programmable Custom Computing Machines
On a Pin Versus Block Relationship For Partitions of Logic Graphs
IEEE Transactions on Computers
The effect of LUT and cluster size on deep-submicron FPGA performance and density
IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems - Special section on the 2002 international symposium on low-power electronics and design (ISLPED)
Single-walled carbon nanotube electronics
IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology
Heterogeneous technology mapping for area reduction in FPGAs with embedded memory arrays
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Matching-based algorithm for FPGA channel segmentation design
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
On optimal hyperuniversal and rearrangeable switch box designs
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Power modeling and characteristics of field programmable gate arrays
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Measuring the Gap Between FPGAs and ASICs
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Performance Benefits of Monolithically Stacked 3-D FPGA
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Device and Architecture Cooptimization for FPGA Power Reduction
IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits and Systems
Efficient FPGAs using nanoelectromechanical relays
Proceedings of the 18th annual ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field programmable gate arrays
Monolithically stackable hybrid FPGA
Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
Code transformations for embedded reconfigurable computing architectures
GTTSE'09 Proceedings of the 3rd international summer school conference on Generative and transformational techniques in software engineering III
Towards highly parallel event processing through reconfigurable hardware
Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware
Resource-constrained multiprocessor synthesis for floating-point applications on FPGAs
ACM Transactions on Design Automation of Electronic Systems (TODAES)
Regular 2D NASIC-based architecture and design space exploration
NANOARCH '11 Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Nanoscale Architectures
Programmable data dependencies and placements
DAMP '12 Proceedings of the 7th workshop on Declarative aspects and applications of multicore programming
MDE-based FPGA physical design: fast model-driven prototyping with Smalltalk
Proceedings of the International Workshop on Smalltalk Technologies
Interlaced switch boxes placement for three-dimensional FPGA architecture design
International Journal of Circuit Theory and Applications
Reducing expected delay and power in FPGAs using buffer insertion in single-driver wires
Microelectronics Journal
Unexcitability analysis of SEus affecting the routing structure of SRAM-based FPGAs
Proceedings of the 23rd ACM international conference on Great lakes symposium on VLSI
Nano-electro-mechanical relays for FPGA routing: experimental demonstration and a design technique
DATE '12 Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe
A constraint satisfaction approach for programmable logic detailed placement
SAT'13 Proceedings of the 16th international conference on Theory and Applications of Satisfiability Testing
A FPGA prototype design emphasis on low power technique
Proceedings of the 2014 ACM/SIGDA international symposium on Field-programmable gate arrays
Bridging fault detection in cluster based FPGA by using Muller C element
Computers and Electrical Engineering
Journal of Real-Time Image Processing
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Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have become one of the key digital circuit implementation media over the last decade. A crucial part of their creation lies in their architecture, which governs the nature of their programmable logic functionality and their programmable interconnect. FPGA architecture has a dramatic effect on the quality of the final device's speed performance, area efficiency, and power consumption. This survey reviews the historical development of programmable logic devices, the fundamental programming technologies that the programmability is built on, and then describes the basic understandings gleaned from research on architectures. We include a survey of the key elements of modern commercial FPGA architecture, and look toward future trends in the field.